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شیخ عبدالعزیز بن باز

شیخ عبدالعزیز بن باز
گزشتہ ماہ علامہ شیح عبدالعزیز بن عبدﷲ بن باز نے ۸۸ برس کی عمر میں داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا، انا ﷲوانا الیہ راجعون۔ وہ مملکت سعودیہ کے جلیل القدر عالم، مفتی اعظم، علمائے کبار کی سپریم کونسل نیز دارالافتاء اور مجلس بحوث علمیہ کے سربراہ رابطہ عالم اسلامی، الجمع الفقہی الاسلامی اور اس نوع کی متعدد عالمی سطح کی علمی و تحقیقی، دعوتی اور فلاحی انجمنوں اور اداروں کے اساسی رکن تھے۔ دارالمصنفین میں شیخ کی وفات کی خبر بڑے رنج و غم سے سنی گئی اور تغریت کے لیے برقیہ بھی بھیجا گیا۔
شیخ عبدالعزیز بن باز کتاب و سنت کے متبحر عالم، تقویٰ و طہارت، ﷲیت اور سادگی اور خلوص و خدمت کا مجسم پیکر تھے، ان کی وفات دنیائے اسلام کا بڑا سانحہ ہے اس سے پیدا ہونے والا خلا پُر نہیں ہوسکتا۔ ولکنہ بنیان قوم تھدما۔
شیخ ابن باز نہایت کم عمری میں آنکھوں کی بصارت سے محروم ہوگئے، مگر اپنی غیر معمولی علمی و فقہی بصیرت کی بنا پر مملکت سعودیہ کے اہم مذہبی مناصب پر فائز ہوئے الجامعتہ الاسلامیہ ( مدینہ یونیورسٹی) کے پہلے وائس چانسلر کی حیثیت سے ان کا انتخاب ہوا۔ مملکت کے مفتی عالم شیخ محمد ابراہیم کے انتقال کے بعد ان کے جانشین مقرر ہوئے۔
مملکت سعودیہ میں ان کو غیر معمولی عزت و احترام حاصل تھا، سربراہان مملکت بھی ان کے ساتھ نہایت عزت و تکریم کے ساتھ پیش آتے۔ ان کے جنازہ میں فرماں روائے مملکت شاہ فہد، اعیان مملکت اور شاہی خانوادہ کے علاوہ لاکھوں افراد نے شرکت کی۔
غرباء پروری اور مہمان نوازی ان کی گھٹی میں تھی، ان کی قیام گاہ پر ہمیشہ مہمانوں اور ضرورت مندوں کا جمگھٹ لگا رہتا اور وہ نہایت بشاشت کے ساتھ ان کی میزبانی کرتے اور حاجت روائی کرتے...

A Comparative Study of Employees’ Perception Relating to Performance Appraisal Practices in the Public and Private Banking Sector of Sindh

Performance appraisal is a key human resource practice and source of a motivation for an employee and its success depends on justice perception of an employee towards performance appraisal system. Pakistani banking sector is playing a vital role in the economic growth of the country. Private Banks are innovative and effective in their approach as compared to the public banks. Past studies have compared the public and private banks and found that new private banks are more effective than public banks in terms of technical and economic efficiency. However, there are meager studies available in the context of justice perception of performance appraisal practices in the public and private banks. Data were collected through five-point Likert scale and analyzed with SPSS 24.0 versions. In the result difference of justice is measured by mean differences and independent sample t-test. However, it is found that employees of private banks perceive greater justice as compared to public banks. This study emphasizes the importance of fairness perception of employees in the context of performance appraisal practices and could be used to better understand the problems associated with appraisal practices in public and private banks.

Molecular Characterization of New Delhi Metallo-Β-Lactamase Ndm Producing Gram Negative Rods and the Efficacy of Manuka Honey Against Ndm Strain in Mouse Model

New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) belongs to the B1 super family of metallo-β-lactamase and is rapidly disseminated globally. NDM producing pathogens confer resistance against a wide range of antibiotics including carbapenems; considered to be the last resort to treat such pathogens. Currently, therapeutic treatment of infections by these bacteria is becoming a big challenge. Manuka honey is the one that is widely used medicinal honey for wound dressing worldwide. Several factors are responsible for their antibacterial activity including high osmolality, pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration, phytochemical nature and methylglyoxal. Therefore, we planned to determine the molecular characterization of NDM producing bacteria and in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Manuka honey against NDM positive strain. A total of 302 carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria were collected from four different tertiary care hospitals Lahore. Isolates were reconfirmed by Vitek 2 system and MALDI-TOF. Carbapenamases and MBLs detection was done as per CLSI guidelines 2015. Bacteria were further analyzed for the presence of blaNDM by PCR and NDM variants were detected after Sanger sequencing. MIC (μg/mL) of the NDM positive bacteria were done by Vitek 2 system. MLST of NDM positive K. pneumoniae and E. coli was done by amplifying and sequence their house keeping genes. Plasmids characterization of NDM producing bacteria was done by S1 nuclease PFGE and In Gel DNA-DNA hybridization. In vitro activity of Manuka honey was done by screening the NDM positive bacteria by agar well diffusion method. MIC and MBC (%v/v) of Manuka honey against NDM positive pathogens was done by microbroth dilution method. In vivo activity of Manuka honey was done using BALB/c mouse model by intravenous injection of 20% and 30% of Manuka honey against NDM-1 positive K. pneumoniae strain. Bacterial load (CFU) was counted using Miles and Misra method after seven and fifteen days of clinical trial. Out of 302 clinical isolates, K. pneumoniae (29.8%) were identified followed by A. baumannii (28%) and E. coli (11%) in four tertiary care hospitals. Overall, highest prevalence (38.7%) of carbapenem resistant bacteria was observed in the Children hospital and culprit pathogen were K. pneumoniae (31.6%). Generally, 26.5% of the carbapenem resistant bacteria were recovered from blood culture, 25.4% from urine culture and 22.8% from pus swabs. Among these pathogens, 91% were carbapenamase and 89% were MBLs producers. After molecular identification, 144 (47.6%) bacteria were positive for NDM with majority of K. pneumoniae (52%) and E. coli (15.2%). Multi-sequence alignment revealed four different variants of NDM (NDM-1, 4, 5, and 7) and mainly these variants were found in K. pneumoniae and E. coli with the majority of NDM-1 (82.6%). Overall 100% of the NDM positive bacteria showed highest MIC (μg/mL) against commonly used antibiotics including meropenem, 70%-80% to moxifloxacin, aztreonam, cefepime and levofloxacin while most effective drugs were colistin and tigecycline. Most of the K. pneumoniae belonged to the sequence type (ST) of ST11, ST147 and ST29 however majority of the E. coli belonged to ST405 and ST101. Plasmids characterization displayed most of the isolates (n=130; 90%) carried blaNDM on their plasmids and 6 (4%) carried on chromosome however about 17% of the blaNDM carried on ~150kb of plasmids. Overall, in vitro activity of Manuka honey against 144 isolates exhibited that 55 (38%) NDM positive bacteria were inhibited at the concentration of 30% (v/v), 52 (36%) at 25% (v/v) and 30 (20.8%) at 20% (v/v). Highest MIC was observed against K. pneumoniae (35% v/v) and least observed to C. freundii and M. morganii (15% v/v). In vivo activity of Manuka honey against K. pneumoniae ST11 showed that there was a substantial reduction in the mean log value of each honey treated group as compared to the positive control group (Group B). The mean log value for Group C and D significantly and gradually reduced from 1.829 to 1.035 and 1.624 to 0.610 in first and second week respectively. Statically no significant difference was observed between the treatment Group C and D. This study concluded that there is an alarming spread of blaNDM and its variants in the Gram-negative bacteria particularly among children that displayed resistance to most of the drugs including carbapenems which can lead to treatment failure and mortality. In vitro Manuka honey has the potential effect against the NDM producing pathogens however in vivo the therapeutic effect of Manuka honey gradually and effectively reduces the bacterial load of K. pneumoniae ST11. Therefore, Manuka honey could be used as one of the remedy to treat such pathogens following several in vitro and in vivo clinical studies. Hence, it is need of the hour to conduct a national multicenter survey to combat this serious threat in our hospitals and also extensively look to treat these pathogens with Manuka honey.
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Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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