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عزمیؔ خیر آبادی

عزمیؔ خیر آبادی
’’جناب عزمی خیرآبادی کا ۱۳؍ جنوری کو انتقال ہوگیا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ تعالیٰ غریق رحمت کرے آمین۔ مرحوم اس عاجز سے بڑی محبت کرتے تھے اور معارف کے نہایت قدرداں تھے، ان کا یہ والا نامہ فروری کے شروع یا جنوری کے آخر میں ملا تھا، اس مہینہ میں اس کے لئے جگہ نہیں نکل سکی، دنیا کی زندگی کتنی ناپائدار ہے کہ مکتوب الیہ کے خط کی اشاعت ان کی وفات کے بعد ہورہی ہے‘‘۔ (معارف)
مکرمی! سلام مسنون
دسمبر کا معارف آج ۳۰؍ دسمبر کو ملا۔ نگارشات حسب معمول شاندار ہیں۔ شذرات پڑھ کر یہ شعر یاد آگیا۔ پتہ نہیں کس کا شعر ہے۔ ؂
نہ کیا ذبح گیا چھوڑ کے بسمل قاتل
دہن زخم پکارا کیا قاتل قاتل
تفصیل میں نہیں جاؤں گا۔ آپ صرف اشارہ کردیتے ہیں کہ فلاں فلاں جلسہ میں گیا۔ تقریر کی۔ مگر اس کی تفصیل معارف میں نہیں ہوتی۔ میں کئی مرتبہ لکھ چکا ہوں کہ آپ ان مجالس میں جو تقریر کرتے ہیں ان کو من وعن شائع بھی کردیا کریں تاکہ ان سے ہم جیسے دیہات میں بسنے والے لوگ بھی مستفید ہوسکیں۔ لیکن آپ کو ہماری بسملیت پسند ہے۔
آخری چہار سطری شذرہ باجپئی جی سے ’’منسوب‘‘ ہے۔ ارے صاحب،
؂ یہ بازو مرے آزمائے ہوئے ہیں
شعر ملاحظہ ہو:
ان بتوں سے وفا کی امیدیں
تم بھی عزمیؔ کمال کرتے ہو
یہ وہی باجپئی جی ہیں جنھوں نے بابری مسجد کے انہدام کو شرمناک بتایا تھا اور آج فرما رہے ہیں کہ رام مندر کی تعمیر قومی جذبات کی آئینہ دار ہے۔
ہندو ایک بھولی بھالی معصوم اور مخلص قوم ہے۔ یہ صرف چند سرپھرے فرقہ پرست ہیں جو نفرت کی ہوائیں چلا رہے اور بغض و نفرت کے بیج بو رہے ہیں اور ہندوستان کی تباہی کا سامان مہیا کررہے...

Selfhood and Creativity in Taufiq Rafat’s “Reflections”

Reconstruction of selfhood is a central theme of post-colonial writers. They strived hard to decolonize their lost identity through creative works. They consider revival of selfhood an elemental source for creative consciousness. It is a base for developing a pure creative thinking. In fact, a desire for reshaping selfhood and identity gave birth to post-colonial writings. Frantz Fanon emphasized on the need of complete rejection of colonial influence in order to attain autonomous self. He lays this responsibility of reviving selfhood on writers and most importantly on poets as they enjoy direct access to masses. Pakistani post-colonial writers particularly poets also tried to revive their splendid self through their writings. Taufiq Rafat coined “Pakistani idiom” to entitle a distinguished identity to Pakistani literary world as well as its dazzling culture. He sublimed Pakistani culture through his influential works. The present study also focuses on Taufiq Rafat‘s efforts to recover selfhood and a distinguished creative expression through his seminal poem “REFLECTIONS”. The analytical framework is borrowed from Fanon’s notion of reviving selfhood for autonomous expression by rejecting the colonial influence and by meticulously concentrating on indigenous culture. The close study of a poem ‘Reflections’ will highlight distinguished Pakistani culture and identity. It will also open new vistas for young researchers to explore in the area of selfhood and creative expression.

Kinetic Simulation, Sensitivity Analysis of Fission Product Activity and Source Term Evaluation for Typical Accident Scenarios in Nuclear Reactors

Saeed Ehsan Awan, PhD, Department of Physics & Applied Mathematics, PIEAS, June 2012. "Kinetic Simulation, Sensitivity Analysis of Fission Product Activity and Source Term Evaluation for Typical Accident Scenarios in Nuclear Reactors”; Supervisor: Dr. Nasir. M. Mirza; Co-Supervisor: Dr. Sikander M. Mirza; Department of Physics & Applied Mathematics, PIEAS, Nilore 45650, Islamabad. With growing demands of safe and reliable energy resources worldwide, nuclear power plants present viable option. A two third majority of these plants are PWRs. In comparison with their competitors, PWRs suffer from significantly higher dose rate due to radioactivity in the primary circuit which is dominantly contributed by corrosion and followed by fission products leakage from fuel. There has been extensive investigation in developing corrosion resistance alloys. But the problem of corrosion product activity in primary circuit has aggravated in view of trend towards high burn-ups, high temperatures, and longer-life time reactors. Under this scenario, the significance of fission products releases becomes even higher. The fission product activity (FPA) is considered to be the second leading contributor towards prevalent radiation levels in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs). The elevated radiation level results in delay and prolongation of routine repair/maintenance tasks of reactor’s cooling system, which not only reduces its effectiveness but also results in several million dollars revenue loss per power plant annually. However the reliable estimates of fission product activity (FPA) are also significant for the evaluation of fuel performance, assessment of radiological consequences in case of any accident releasing radioactivity and scheduling repair/maintenance tasks. The detailed knowledge about radioactivity build up and sensitivity analysis of fission product activity (FPA) is essential for reducing the plant maintenance time, which also helps to reduce the dose for plant operators and general public. In this work, first a model is developed for dynamic and static sensitivity analysis of fission product activity in primary coolant of typical pressurized water reactor (PWR). It has been implemented in the FPCART based computer program FPCART-SA that carries out sensitivity analysis of fission product activity (FPA) using both static as well as dynamic approaches. For long steady power operation of reactor, the computed values of normalized static sensitivity have been compared with the corresponding values obtained by using the dynamic sensitivity analysis. The normalized sensitivity values for the reactor power (P), failed fuel fraction (D), Coolant leakage rate (L), total mass of coolant (m) and the let down flow rate (Q) have been calculated and the values: 1.0, 0.857, -2.0177 × 10-6, 2.349 × 10-4, -2.329 × 10-4 have been found correspondingly for Kr-88 with the dominant values of fission product activity (FPA) as 0.273 μCi/g. In the second part of this study, evaluation of time dependence of source term has been carried out for a typical reactor system. The modeling and simulation of release of radioactivity has been carried out by developing a computer program FPARA which uses the ORIGEN2 code as subroutine, for core inventory calculations. Time dependent release of fission product activity to the containment and air has been simulated for loss of coolant accident scenarios. For noble gases, iodine and for aerosols, the release rate studies have been carried out for different leakage rates from containment. Effects of fraction of source in the coolant that is directly available after the accident on volumetric fission product activity were studied. Results show that volumetric activity in the containment air for different fission products remains strong function of decay constants, leakage rates, retention factors, deposition rates and fractional release rates.
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