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بے انتہا حمد و ثنااس خالقِ ارض و سما کے لیے جس نے مجھے عقلِ سلیم اور فہم و فراست کی دولت سے مالا مال کیااورجس نے مجھے لفظوں سے کھیلنے کی قوت اور ملکہ بخشا۔کروڑوںدرود و سلام اس نبی ﷺ کی بارگاہِ بے کس پناہ میں کہ جنہوں نے انسانیت کو جہالت کی تاریکیوںسے نکال کر علم کی روشنی سے متعارف کروایا۔
اس حقیقت سے انکار نہیں کیا جاسکتا کہ تحقیق انتہائی کٹھن امر ہے۔اس کتاب کی تکمیل کے دوران اگرچہ مجھے کئی دشواریوں کا سامنا کرنا پڑا،کئی بار میرے قدم بھی ڈگمگائے مگراس وقت میرے شفیق استاد ڈاکٹر مشتاق عادل صاحب نے اس مشکل کام میںمیری رہنمائی کی اورمجھے آبلہ پائی کی مشقتوں سے بچائے رکھا اور اپنی مصروفیات سے قیمتی وقت نکال کر ہر لحاظ سے میری مدد کی۔
میںممنون ہوںاپنے والدین کی کہ جن کی حوصلہ افزائی سے مجھے تقویت ملتی رہی۔تحقیق کے دوران اکثر شب بیداری والدہ کی نیند میں خلل کا باعث بنی مگر انہوں نے کبھی اس کی شکایت نہیں کی، انتہائی معذرت کے ساتھ ان کی شکرگزار ہوں۔ اپنے اہل خانہ کابھی شکریہ ادا کرتی ہوں کہ انہوںنے میرے حوصلے کو قائم رکھا۔ میری تحقیقی سرگرمیوںکے دوران انہوں نے میری گھریلو ذمہ داریوں میں تخفیف کو خندہ پیشانی سے قبول کیا۔ میںبالخصوص اپنے والدمحترم کی تہہ دل سے شکرگزار ہوں جنہوں نے اس کتاب کی مکمل پروف ریڈنگ کی۔ انگلش او اردو پر ان کا مکمل عبور میری تحریر کے مختلف گوشوں میں آپ کو واضح جھلکتا نظر آئے گا۔ان کی رہنمائی کے بغیر یہ کام میرے لیے انتہائی کٹھن تھا۔
میں یونیورسٹی آف سیالکوٹ اور اپنے شعبہ کے اساتذہ ڈاکٹر یاسمین کوثر،میڈم ماریہ بلال، ڈاکٹر یوسف اعوان اورڈاکٹر عامر اقبال کاشکریہ ادا کرتی ہوں جن کی شفقت اور حوصلہ افزائی کے باعث میرا یہ تحقیقی کام...

KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Leadership is the process of activities of someone who has the art / ability to influence, coordinate and move individuals so that cooperation arises regularly in an effort to achieve common goals that have been established / formulated. While educational leadership, namely the process of activities influencing, moving and coordinating individuals, organizations / educational institutions to achieve certain goals that have been formulated. Leader skills operate the organization. Is skill to cooperate, motivate and lead and technical skills, namely skills that must be possessed by the principal in using knowledge, methods, techniques, and equipment to complete certain tasks. Other activities that the headmaster must do as a self-developer are learning and observing daily work in the wet environment, observing management activities in a planned and creative way to develop new methods in the learning process and building networks.

Characterization of Wheat Germplasm Through Integrated Profiling Approaches

Wheat is the major nutrient source worldwide and has a crucial place in agriculture and economy of Pakistan. Characterization of wheat genetic resource is imperative for breeders in developing databases helpful for parental selections as presence of variance has primary significance with respect to plant breeding. In this view, 77 wheat genotypes collected from different agro-climatic zones of country were characterized for seed biochemical and nutritional quality traits, distribution of glutenin subunits, allelic variations in Xuhw89 locus for grain protein content and yield parameters followed by cluster, principal component (PCA) and correlation analysis. Seed biochemical analysis, revealed a significant variation (p < 0.05) in genotypes for nutritional potential. Genotypic sources were identified for better antioxidant potential i.e. Pavon (APX), Pasban-90 (CAT), IQBAL-2000 (POD), Manthar-2003 (SOD), Bhakkar-2000 (TPC), hydrolytic enzymes i.e. SH-2002 (amylase and ascorbic acid), Dharabi 2011 (esterase), NR-234 (protease), grain protein i.e. Faisalabad-2008 (salt soluble protein), TC-4928 (albumins), MEXI PAK (globulins) and sugars i.e. Saleem 2000, Punjab-96 (sugars and soluble protein). Dharabi-2011 with lowest amylase, MEKI-PAK with lowest reducing sugars and higher seed protien and AARI-2011 with lowest gluten have potential for health implications. Correlations in seed nutritional parameters were identified while genotypes were clustered in four groups with highest distance between cluster- II and III. However, genotypes grouped into five clusters based on yield related traits having maximum distance in cluster-II and IV with spike length as principal component of varibility. Based on divergence in single kernel characteristics, genotypes with highest protein (GA2002, 16.5%), moisture (Marvi, 16.5%), starch (9244, 11%), zeleny (AARI-2011, 54.1%), gluten (2006, 44%), kernel weight (TC-4928, 41.6±9.5mg), kernel diameter (Sassui, 2.91±0.32mm), hardness index (Punjab 201191±39%) were identified and grouped in five clusters. Kernel weight, diameter, moisture and starch content were principal components of variability. SDS-PAGE revealed 30 allelic combinations for high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) at Glu-1 loci involved in bread making quality. Maximum frequency of allele 1 was found in twenty nine genotypes at Glu-A1 locus while high proportion of subunit pairs 13+16 and 2+12 were detected in 33 and 32 genotypes at Glu-B1 as well as Glu-D1 locus respectively. Few rare alleles were also detected. The quality scores ranged from 4-10, while highest quality score (10) was more frequent (36.36%). Analysis of microsatellite (functional SSR marker) Xuhw89 locus for grain protein content showed that 42% genotypes carry 126+130-bp allele with relatively higher salt soluble proteins and globulin while remaining possessed a 126-bp allele with higher total soluble protein and albumin. In conclusion, revealed divergence in seed biochemical and quality traits, allelic distribution for HMW-GS and Xuhw89 locus for grain protein content and yield parameters in Pakistani wheat germplasm followed by detailed cluster, PCA and association analysis will help breeders in selecting genotypes with desirable traits and designing the breeding program for crop improvement.
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Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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