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74. Al-Muddaththir/The Enrobed

74. Al-Muddaththir/The Enrobed

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

74:01
a. O Al-Muddaththir!
b. O The Enrobed - Muhammad!

74:02
a. Arise and invite people to profess Allah’s Unity and Uniqueness,
b. and warn against disobedience!

74:03
a. Proclaim the Greatness of your Rabb - The Lord,

74:04
a. and purify your garments,

74:05
a. and keep away from all paganism.

74:06
a. And do not extend a favor in expectation of return of a favor.

74:07
a. And be steadfast for the Cause of your Rabb - The Lord.

74:08
a. Finally, when the Trumpet – call of the Resurrection - will be sounded,

74:09
a. that vey time will, indeed, be a very Distressful Time,

74:10
a. it will not be easy for the disbelievers;
b. but it will be easy for the believers despite the intensity of its harshness and horrors.

74:11
a. So leave it to ME to decide what to do with the one whom I created alone,

74:12
a. and then I granted him ample means - abundant and continuous,

74:13
a. and sons to be by his side as a means of power,

74:14
a. and made everything in life comfortable for him,

74:15
a. still he would be greedy, wanting that I should give him more -
b. while mocking and ridiculing MY Messenger Muhammad.

74:16
a. By no means!
b. I shall...

غربت کے خاتمہ کے لیے ازواجِ مطہرات کی مساعی

Islam as a religion is not based on empty or futile theories. Infact it intensely educates in altering a practical approach towards ones exixtence both as an individual and or a social being. It is the only religion which lead the way towards welfare/ "Falah" and Qura Calls such people Muflihon. Falah is for both render, either it is a man or a woman. Women especially Holy Prophet's wives are never leave behind in poor's uplift and public welfare. From the very beginning of UMMAHATUL-MOMINEEN (Holy Prophet's wives) are playing vital role in social or public welfare an till in this modern era and patriarchal society, they are role model to help plebians. The Islamic values as the world knows of them today were brought to light through our last messanger (P.B.U.H), assigned with the most important task in probably the most crucial era of human history. With the injustice all over the globe and the leaders of super powers in a rift with each other to dominate the world, exhausted the most important of resouces i.e. The humanity. The divine manifiesto of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and the lives of wives of Holy Prophet was actually based upon justice among masses and the preservation of conflict torn humanity. The intellectual wisdom of Holy Prophet's wives in the given situation was to restore order while restoring justice based upon the reformative rule of law as depicted by the Islamic ideology. The main aim of this very importatnt initiative was to reintroduce the humanity with the most important elements such as humility, mutual respect an retoration of long forgotten code of ethics. The basic foundation of our last Prophet's wives idealogy was to uplift poor whether they are Muslims or not. They successfully ordained the resurfacing, prevalence and practice of the same code of ethics. Now days many of such examples are prevalent in the world, not as a whole yet, though to a certain extent which is holding it together. The war torn and devastated west of the medieval found its solution in applying the same Islamic rule of law in their society in late 17th century and onward. It therefore can be deduced that the same code of ethics, which can be referred to the Quran, the sacred Islamic book, possibly offers the most effective solutions in order to ensure the societal and social development in current era.

Genetic Diversity of Mango Germplasm and Ceratocystis Spp. Form Ajk and Punjab, Pakistan

Pakistan is blessed with a wide range of indigenous mango germplasm. These mango genotypes, growing at Punjab and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and its vicinity are valuable resource for unique genetic diversity. This germplasm has declined drastically due to population pressure, deforestation and high incidence of insect pests and diseases including Mango Quick Wilt Disease (MQWD). Hence, the aim of this study was to develop DNA fingerprints and determine the genetic diversity of the availabale germplasm. On the other hand, better understanding about the varability of MQWD pathogen is also important for incorporating resistant traits in the plant. Therefore, DNA profiles of 232 genotypes of Pakistan were developed with 114 SSR markers to determine the population structure. SSR based genetic diversity analysis identified a total of 593 alleles ranging from 2 to 18 alleles per locus, which were able to distinguish almost all of these genotypes. The average polymorphism information content value was 0.665. The expected and observed heterozygosity values were 0.695 and 0.619, respectively, which exhibited moderate level of genetic diversity among mango genotypes. Thirty unique alleles were identified in commercial and some wild genotypes. This analysis identified 26 duplicate entries in the collected samples, though they were identified as different genotypes at the time of sampling. The remaining genotypes (203) were found to be genetically distinct from each other. The Bayesian cluster, principal coordinate and hierarchical clustering analyses divided the collected genotypes into three groups i.e. A, B and C. Groups A and C consisted of entirely indigenous genotypes, while all commercial genotypes were clustered in group B. The genotypes from AJK have relatively broader genetic base within their clusters as compared to the genotypes collected from Punjab. However, strong correlation between geographic distribution and genetic clustering suggested no extensive exchanges of mango germplasm across these geographic areas. The genetic diversity of Pakistani genotypes was found to be higher when compared with the genotypes of other mango growing countries of the world. No association could be established between the embryony and SSR markers analyzed. The analysis identified the mislabeling of the introduced genotypes from other countries. These markers also identified and confirmed the parentage of hybrid genotypes. Most of the genotypes collected from Rahim Yar Khan, Multan and Khanewal showed close relationship with ‘Chaunsa’, ‘Sindhri’ and ‘Langra’. Another aspect of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of the casual agent of the most notorious mango disease, MQWD, which is a major threat to mango production in Pakistan. Eighteen fungal isolates were sampled from infected mango decline trees from mango growing areas of Punjab. The genetic makeup of these isolates was determined by using various DNA marker genes like ITS, β-tubulin and EF-1α. The comparison of their nucleotide sequencing data showed that ‘RYK-147’ belongs to Ceratocystis manginecans; while, rest of the seventeen samples belong to Ceratocystis fimbriata. These results are contradictory to the previous reports, which showed that disease causing fungi belongs to solely C. manginecans. This study showed that the mango decline disease is caused by both fungal species. However, the C. manginecans, isolated in this study has the same genetic makeup as previously reported from Pakistan and Oman. This contradiction in results is likely due to sampling from the regions, which are different from the previous studies in Pakistan. The genetic diversity analysis of 18 isolates was also carried out through 20 SSR markers. The results indicated that the isolates collected from Multan, Khanewal and Muzaffargarh are genetically similar. While, low level of genetic diversity was observed among isolates sampled from Rahim Yar Khan. The analysis also screend out C. manginecans, as a causal agent of mango wilt disease in isolate of ‘RYK-147’. These all isolates were sampled from commercial mango genotypes, which have low level of genetic diversity. High level of genetic similarity in the disease causing fungi might be an evolutionary outcome of diversity relation between host and pathogen. The quantitative analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure would help cultivar improvement in the future mango breeding programs.
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