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حاجی اسرار احمد

حاجی اسرار احمد
ندوۃ المصنفین کے حلقۂ احباب کے لیے اس ماہ المناک سانحہ حاجی اسراراحمد صاحب کی وفات ہے۔اکتوبر۱۹۴۹ء کے آخری سفرکلکتہ میں حاجی صاحب مرحوم سے ملاقات ہوئی تھی اورمیں ان کواچھا خاصا تندرست چھوڑ کرآیا تھا۔ اب عزیزم مولوی سعید احمد کے خط سے اچانک ان کے انتقال کی خبر معلوم ہوئی۔یوں تو دنیا گذشتنی اورگذاشتنی ہے۔یہاں جوآتاہے اُسے ایک نہ ایک دن رخصت بھی ہوجانا پڑتا ہے۔آنے اورجانے کا یہ عمل جب سے دنیا قائم ہے برابر جاری ہے لیکن جانے والوں میں بعض ایسے ہوتے ہیں جواپنے کردار، اخلاق اورعمل کی وجہ سے ایک خاص مقام کے مالک بن جاتے ہیں پھر جب وہ قانون فطرت کے مطابق سفرآخرت اختیار کرلیتے ہیں تو جو جگہ انھوں نے اپنے لیے بنائی تھی وہ خالی محسوس ہونے لگتی ہے۔یہ خلاء رخصت ہوجانے والے کی شخصیت کو یاد دلاتا رہتاہے اوراُس کی مفارقت کااحساس لوگوں میں بڑھ جاتا ہے۔
حاجی اسراراحمد صاحب مرحوم بھی ایسے ہی لوگوں میں سے تھے۔مرحوم آنولہ ضلع بریلی کے باشندہ تھے۔ عرصہ دراز سے کلکتہ میں تجارت کرتے تھے۔ میں چودہ سال ہوئے ان سے کلکتہ میں متعارف ہواتھا۔اس دوران مجھے برابر اُن کے کردار اورعمل کے مطالعہ کاموقع ملتا رہا، وہ صرف اچھے تاجر ہی نہیں بلکہ اپنے دل میں ایک ایساحساس دل بھی رکھتے تھے جس میں مذہب کادرد کوٹ کوٹ کر بھراہواتھا۔ جن کاموں کووہ قوم کے لیے مفید سمجھتے تھے اُن میں اپنی حیثیت سے بھی بڑھ چڑھ کر حصہ لیتے تھے، جب’’ندوۃ المصنفین‘‘کے قیام کا ابتدائی تصور مفتی عتیق الرحمن صاحب کے اورمیرے ذہن میں آیا تو حاجی صاحب مرحوم اس کی تائید کرنے والوں کی صف اوّل میں تھے۔پھرتائید بھی زبانی اور رسمی نہیں بلکہ عملی اور حقیقی، چنانچہ جو تعلق ندوۃ المصنفین سے انھوں نے پہلے دن قائم کیا تھااُسے آخر وقت تک...

Analysis of Internal Control in the Distribution of Agricultural Business Credit

Library research, namely the authors collect data related to the theory of financing or lending to economically weak entrepreneurs. Field research, namely field research activities, in which the author looks for data that is the object of research, to obtain data the author conducts local observations and direct interviews with the leadership. Observation techniques were carried out by conducting direct observations in the process of distributing credit to economically weak entrepreneurs. Based on the description above, so the authors chose the title "Analysis of Internal Control in Distribution of Farmers Business Credit"

Development of Listening and Speaking Skills in English for Grade 6 Teachers

This project report presents the processes and the outcomes of the development project which was conducted at A.C. School, Karachi, as a requirement of my Master of Education (M.Ed.) program. The selection and planning of the project was done in three phases. In the first phase, a situation analysis was conducted at the school. As a result, of gaps in the teaching of English and Social Studies emerged. For the teaching of English, a need assessment survey was further conducted. In the second phase, interviews of the teachers and students, both verbally and through questionnaires, were carried out, and observational studies were made in the classroom. In the third phase, based upon observations of the English classes and analysis of information collected, it was discovered that in the teaching and learning of listening and speaking skills, proper methods were not being utilized. Bridging of this gap was selected as the project and Grade 6 selected for its implementation. The project goal that emerged was ‘Development of listening and speaking skills in English for Grade 6 teachers'. The project was planned, and two workshops were conducted on two alternate days. The first workshop was aimed at orientation of the teachers towards the importance and the conceptual understanding of the development of listening and speaking skills. The second workshop was activity-based and designed to educate the teachers on how to plan and implement lesson plans to improve the listening and speaking ability of students. Feedback on what they had learnt in the workshops was obtained through discussions, evaluation forms and questionnaires. On the third day, observation of the teaching by one of the teacher in the classroom was carried out, and some gaps were discovered in her understanding of what had been discussed in the workshops. To fill the gap, the following week; a class was conducted by me to demonstrate how the lessons should be conducted. The day after, the other teacher was observed conducting a class. After the class, both the teachers were provided critical feedback on their teaching style and methods. Finally, based on what they had understood, discussions were held with them on how to conduct lessons through poem and role-play. The teachers were asked to reflect upon and discuss what they had learnt during the project. The outcomes revealed that the teachers' conceptual understanding of the effective use of strategies of story telling, poetry, and role-play increased,
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