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دیباچہ

دیباچہ
اللہ کے نام سے ابتداکرتا ہوں جو نہایت مہربان ،نہایت رحم کرنے والا ہے۔ تمام تعریفیں اللہ کی بابرکت ذات کے لیے ہیں جو لائقِ حمد وثنا ہے اور درودو سلام آپ صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم اور آپ صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم کی آل پر جن کے صدقے مجھ حقیر کو موقع ملا کہ ’’ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کی علمی و ادبی خدمات‘‘ پر تحقیق کر سکوں ۔اللہ تعالیٰ نے اس تحقیقی کام کوتکمیل آشنا کرنے کی توفیق عطا فرمائی،اس لیے اس پاک ذات کا جتنا بھی شکرادا کروں کم ہے۔ اُسی ذات نے دورانِ تحقیق آنے والی مشکلات کو دور کیا۔
رفاہ انٹرنیشنل یونی ورسٹی فیصل آباد کیمپس میں جن محنتی ، لائق اساتذہ کی سرپرستی میں کام کرنے کا موقع ملا؛ اُن میں ڈاکٹر آنسہ اعوان، ڈاکٹر منظور احمد طاہر، ڈاکٹر آصف اعوان ، ڈاکٹر جمیل اصغر، اخلاق حیدر آبادی اور فاروق بیگ کے نام نمایاں ہیں۔ انھیں ہستیوں کی شفقت کی بدولت طلبا میں علم کی شمع روشن ہے۔
ڈاکٹرشہزاداحمد شعبہ نعت کے نامور محقق ہیں،اس لیے میں نے اس موضوع کو مبارک خیال کرتے ہوئے کام کرنے کاارادہ کرلیا۔اس کے بعد کے مراحل میں میرے اُستادفاروق بیگ نے میری بھرپور راہنمائی فرمائی۔
میرا یہ مقالہ پانچ ابواب پر مشتمل ہے ۔ ’’ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد: احوال و آثار‘‘میں موصوف کے نجی احوال ، نعتیہ خدمات، تخلیقات اور شخصیت کے نمایاں پہلوئوں کا احاطہ کیا گیا ہے۔ باب دوم ـ’’ شہزاداحمد بطور محقق و نقاد‘‘میں ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کے پی ایچ ڈی کے مقالے ’’اُردو نعت پاکستان میں‘‘ کا تحقیقی جائزہ پیش کیا ہے اس کے بعد اُن کے مضامین میں رنگِ تنقید کو نمایاں کرنے کی سعی کی گئی ہے۔ باب سوم’’ڈاکٹر شہزاداحمدبطور مدون ومدیر ‘‘میں اُن کی مرتب کردہ مختلف کلیات اور کتب کی روشنی میں بحیثیت مدون اُن...

Perception of Foreign Tourists to Karawo Embroidery Handicrafts in Gorontalo Tourist Destinations

The purpose of this study was focused on knowing the perceptions of tourists, both foreign tourists, about the craft of Karawo embroidery in Gorontalo Tourism Destinations. This research method using a quantitative approach itself is carried out using a questionnaire given to the public and tourists who visit the Karawo embroidery craft center. The sampling technique in this study used a non-probability or non-random sample selection technique. The results showed that the quantitative approach itself was carried out using a questionnaire given to the public and tourists who visited the Karawo embroidery craft center. The sampling technique in this study used a non-probability or non-random sample selection technique. The results of this study indicate that the Karawo embroidery craft has the potential to be developed as a tourist attraction in Gorontalo Province. Analysis of the attractiveness and perceptions of tourists who visit the Karawo embroidery craft center as well as the local community provide direction on the development of tourist attractions that are related to cultural aspects. The perception of foreign tourists in general gives a positive value to Karawo embroidery and argues that Karawo embroidery is unique from the manufacturing process and has its own characteristics with very beautiful motif designs.

Ethical Decision-Making in the Digital Age: the Case of Graphic Images in Kenyan Print and Online Newspapers

This study examined how the online environment has influenced ethical decision-making in Kenyan print and online newspapers with regard to graphic images. A review of the literature showed scant academic attention has been paid to the role ethics play in the selection of images for publication despite acknowledgement of the increasing power and cultural diversity of audiences. The theoretical framework of the study was based on Gatekeeping Theory and Spiral of Silence Theory. Through indepth interviews with senior editors and a review of internal and external guidelines and policies, the research revealed that audience demands for ethical decisions from editors are transmitted mainly through the corporate hierarchy. However, media houses have developed few effective internal systems to guide newsroom decision-making, relying mostly on vague prescriptions buried in editorial policies and ethics codes, which in practice are rarely consulted by newsroom decision makers. Further, the systems developed for the cycle of print production, including scheduled editorial meetings and the use of photo editors to filter images, have proven to be inadequate for the fast-paced world of online news production. The research also revealed that when confronted with graphic images, editors’ resort to their own intuition and experience as well as consultations with colleagues rather than on methodical ethical reasoning. This creates geographical and cultural blind spots which, when coupled with the internet’s expansion, diversification and empowerment of audiences, as well as the lagging development of a media ethics for the digital age, can have potentially serious adverse consequences for editors and the media enterprises themselves. Recommendations from the study include training of editors in the use of methods such as the Potter Box model of reasoning in day-to-day decision-making as well as the development of practical procedures for fast sourcing and selection of images for online publication especially as relates to breaking news. The study also contributes to the literature on Network Gatekeeping Theory, suggesting the need to take into account the hierarchical nature of networks, and demonstrates how the Spiral of Silence Theory can also account for the effect of online audiences on newsroom decision-making. Finally, the study emphasizes the role of ethical decision-making in image selections and recommends that news values research takes more cognizance of ethical considerations.
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