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آیاتِ استفہام اور فہمِ ایمانیات

ایمان باللہ یہ ہے کہ انسان بغیر کسی شک و شبہ کے اپنی ذات کو اللہ کے حوالے کردے اور مرنے کے بعد دوبارہ اٹھائے جانے کو تسلیم کرلے اور خدا کے سامنے اپنے ہر قول و فعل کا پنے آپ کو جوابدہ سمجھے، اسی طرح فرشتوں کی ہستی کو ان کی معصوم اور قدستی صفت مانتے ہوئے تسلیم کرے، ان کو امین اور معتمد مانے، ان کو اللہ کی ہدایت لانے والا تسلیم کرے، ایمان بالکتب میں اللہ تبارک و تعالیٰ کے اتارے ہوئے صحیفوں کو حق و باطل کی کسوٹی سمجھے اور ہدایت کا ذریعہ مانتے ہوئے زندگی میں اس کی رہنمائی پر پورا پورا اعتماد کرے۔ انبیاء کرام کو خدا کی طرف سے مامور اور واجب الاطاعت مانے، ان کے علم کو بے خطا سمجھتے ہوئے ان کے عمل کو اپنی زندگی کے لئے اسوہ قرار دے اور ان کی اتباع، اطاعت اور محبت کو لازم جانے، انہی چیزوں پر ایمان لانے ہماری زندگی مؤثر اور فعال حقیقت بنتی ہے۔ ایمان بالملائکہ، ایمان بالکتب، ایمان بالانبیاء یہ سب ایک دوسرے سے اتصال رکھنے کی کڑیاں ہیں، ان میں سے ایک کا بھی انکار کرنے والا مؤمن نہیں ہوسکتا۔

اسلام کی بنیاد عقیدہ توحید پر ہے جو کہ ارکان اسلام کا سب سے پہلا رکن ہے نوع انسانی کی دنیوی اور اخروی زندگی کی کامیابی کا انحصار کفر و شرک کی نفی اور توحید کے مکمل اثبات پر ہے اسی اہمیت کے پیشِ نظر اللہ عزوجل نے ہر دور میں اپنا قاصد ( رسول) بھیجا تاکہ وہ انسانوں کو توحید کا پیغام پہنچائے اور اللہ کو چھوڑ کر غیر اللہ کی عبادت سے منع فرمائے اسی لئے اللہ تبارک وتعالیٰ نے ارشاد فرمایا:

"وَلٰكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنْ اٰمَنَ بِاللہِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْاٰخِرِ وَالْمَلٰۗىِٕكَۃِ وَالْكِتٰبِ وَالنَّبِيّٖنَ"۔[[1]]

"بلکہ نیکی یہ ہے...

علم قراءت اور محدث تابعينِ قراء كرام: قرآن، حدیث اور تاریخی تناظر میں تجزیاتی

The Holy Quran is one of the most vibrant fields of knowledge in Islamic Sharī’ah because it is the primary source of Islamic Law and teachings. It has many sub-fields and branches of knowledge. One of the most significant fields of the Holy Quran’s knowledge is ‘Ilm al-Qira’at (Science of Qurānic Variants). It means the recitation of Quran in various styles, accents, methodology and approaches. According to deeper Islamic perception of Knowledge the Holy Quran was reveled in seven Ahruf (accents, meanings, phrases and styles). This Knowledge ultimately deals with these styles and methodologies. The wise and faithful companions of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) get more and more expertise under the divine leadership of the Kind Prophet (pbuh). After it the nearest era of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) is the era of Tābī’n (Successors of the Companions of the Holy Prophet). They worked hard and get more height and boom in different domains of knowledge of Islamic Sharī’ah. They served every field of Islamic sciences and knowledge but emphases on one of them and became (leader) Imam of it.

Academic Balanced Scorecard: A Proposed Framework of Performance Evaluation for General-Public Sector Universities in Pakistan

The pressure on the higher education institution is mounting due to increasing competition, rising costs and reducing public funding for the higher education institutions worldwide. These trends in the higher education demand higher education institutions to realign their activities, functions and strategies to their core objectives to be more effective in a constrained world. The situation of higher education in Pakistan is even worse in the sense that most of the higher education institutions, particularly working under public sector, do not have strategic direction. This situation calls for greater attention on the accountability and performance measurement of public sector higher education institutions. The main purpose of this study is the development of Balanced Scorecard performance measurement system for the general-public sector universities in Pakistan. This model of performance measurement has already been implemented successfully in various organizations worldwide. The outstanding feature of this performance management system is that it could be modified according to the cultural context of the organization and its dynamics. This is a qualitative study. The data were collected in two phases. In the first phase, eight general-public sector universities were selected and data were collected from the Students, Teachers and Treasures of each university by means of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and indepth interviews. The second phase of data collection was primarily focused on the opinion of five experts. These experts were selected on the basis of their standing and experience in universities and quality assurance of higher education. The experts were asked to translate the objectives into strategies and suggest measures to gauge the effectiveness of these strategies. By utilizing constant comparison method, as proposed by Grounded Theory, the researcher compared and contrasted the data collected from the stakeholders of the universities and experts. Thus, a strategy map containing all the strategies to achieve all the desirable objectives was developed and finally the Balanced Scorecard containing the measures of performance of general-public sector universities in Pakistan was developed and it appears at the end of the thesis. The findings of the study indicate a disappointing state of strategic planning and performance measurement of genera-public sector universities in Pakistan. The students and teachers raised many concerns relating to the quality of education which according to them was out of context of practical world. This study recommends five perspectives of Balanced Scorecard i.e. Learning and Development (of teachers) Perspective, Research Perspective, Teaching Perspective, Student Perspective and Financial Perspective. The strategies and measures relating to the objectives of the universities are also segregated for each of the perspective. Balanced Scorecard provided by this study should be taken as a first step which could further be modified to fit each of generalpublic sector universities according to the needs and demands of the individual organization. The researcher calls practitioners and policy makers to implement the proposed framework to make the performance management system of their universities more relevant and effective. By no means, it is implied that this is final version of Balanced Scorecard. Each implementing university will subsequently modify this framework on the basis of feedback during implementation. Consequently, switching over to this performance management system will enhance the quality of higher education in Pakistan.
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