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غزل
اَب کَہاں میرا،آنا جانا ہے
میرا گھر ہی مرا ٹھکانہ ہے
تیر پھینکا تو دو قدم تھا شکار
کیا شکاری ہے کیا نشانہ ہے
کوئ پہچانتا نہیں اب بھی
روز اُس گھر میں آنا جانا ہے
میں زَمانے کے ساتھ، چَل نہ سَکا
پیچھے، پیچھے، مرے، زمانہ ہے
اُس سے بے نام سا تعلق ایک
اَب یہی زیست کا بہانہ ہے
حاصل زیست کچھ نہیں اعجاز
بس یونہی عمر کا گنوانا ہے
Conceptualizing Poverty in Capitalism and Islam
This study investigates poverty in Capitalism and Islam in terms of both; as an economic ism and as a living ideology. Capitalism as a living ideology, based on its’ philosophical foundations, eventually yields class conflict, deprivation, discrimination and accumulation of wealth in the hands of a few capitalists. Capitalism as an economic ism has become unpopular in the world not only because of socioeconomic injustices but also due to environmental degradation and losses in biodiversity. Theoretical analysis reveals that the built in mechanism (Demand-Supply) of capitalism is incapable to resolve the issue of poverty effectively. Poverty in Islamic context is a pure economic concept which does not affect the social class system and social values of humans. Furthermore, the measurement concept of poverty in Islam is different from the Capitalism. Poverty has been measured based on the minimum prescribed amount (Nisab) postulated by Islam. Various categories of the poor have been identified while benchmarking the minimum prescribed amount. Keeping into consideration the philosophical foundation of the Capitalism and Islamic Economic System (IES) the study reveals that IES has more potential to resolve the issue of poverty on more fair and equitable basis than the Capitalism.Trauma of Holocaust in the Fiction of Saul Bellow
Trauma of Holocaust in the Fiction of Saul Bellow This study attempts to analyze the fictional writings of Saul Bellow, the Jewish American writer in the backdrop of the trauma theory presented by Cathy Caruth. Saul Bellow wrote novels and short stories which are representative of the second generation Jewish immigrants. This study uses the Historical Biographical method of research to show how far Bellow’s fiction represents the Jewish victims of the Holocaust. The focus of the research is Bellovian protagonists Herzog, Leventhal, Fonstein, Mosby and Lustgarten. It also discusses the extent to which these protagonists exhibit their trauma through action, speech and behavior. I have also analyzed how these characters represent their traumatized historicity, haunting flashbacks and the recurring memories of torture and brutal treatment of the Jews that continue to haunt them in contemporary America. The connection between Bellovian fictional characters and the Holocaust testimonies is also tied into the basic theme of the trauma of the Holocaust. In order to establish a link between the fictional account and the factual, a detailed study has been made to analyze the extent to which one supports the other.Journals by Discipline
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