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شاعر صدیقی کی نظم گوئی

شاعرؔصدیقی کی نظم گوئی
نظم دراصل نثرکی متضاد ہے یعنی وہ کلام جس میں وزن ،بحر،ترنم اور نغمگی کا خیال رکھا جائے نظم کہلاتا ہے۔لغوی اعتبار سے نظم پرونا،ترتیب دینا وغیرہ کے معنوں میں آتا ہے اصطلاح میں نظم شاعری کی وہ صنف سخن ہے جس میںفکروخیال کے لحاظ سے تمام اشعار کسی ایک موضوع اور ایک خیال کے تحت فکری گہرائی اورشدید جذبے کے ساتھ لکھے جاتے ہیں نظم کے تمام مصرعے باہم مربوط ہوتے ہیں۔
اُردو شعری اصناف میں غزل کے بعد نظم کی اہمیت مسلمہ ہے۔اْردو میں نظم گوئی کی ابتدا قلی قطب شاہ کے زمانے سے ہوئی ہے۔قطب شاہی کے دور میں جن شعرا نے نظمیں کہی ہیں اُن میں جانمؔ،ابن نشاطیؔ،ملاوجہیؔ،رستمیؔ،غواصیؔ،نصرتیؔ ،ہاشمیؔ اور عبدلؔ جیسے اکابر شعرا کے نا م قابل ذکر ہیں۔بعد میں یعنی اٹھارویں صدی کی چوتھی دہائی میں نظم کے اس ارتقائی سفر میں نظیراکبر آبادی نے سب سے اہم رول اداکیا ہے۔نظیرؔنے نظم کو ایک عوامی صنف سخن کی حیثیت سے متعارف کرایا اور پہلی مرتبہ محاسن مناظر فطرت کے علاوہ دیگر عوامی سرگرمیوں کو جگہ دی۔
نظم کا سنہرا اور جدید دور۱۸۵۷ئکے بعد شروع ہوتا ہے۔اس دور میں نظم کے کینوس میں بہت وسعت پیدا ہوگئی اور نظم کو قومی اصلاح اور تربیت کا ایک مؤثر ذریعہ سمجھنے کی حیثیت سے خاص اہمیت دی گئی۔بالخصوص آزادؔاور حالیؔ کی کوششوں سے نظم نے ترقی کی ایک اور کروٹ لی۔جس میں بہت نئے خیالات اور موضوعات نے جگہ پائی۔اس زمانے کے ایک اوراہم شاعر اکبرالہ آبادی بھی ہے جس کا کلام اْس عہد کا آئینہ دار ہے۔اکبرؔنے اپنی نظموں میں مغربی تعلیم،تہذیب ومعاشرت کی پرزور مذمت کی ہے۔حالیؔ نے جدیدنظم کی جو بنیاد رکھی تھی اْس پر علامہ محمداقبال نے نظم کی ایک ایسی عمارت کھڑی کردی جس کے بنا پر اقبالؔ اْردو کے ایک معتبر نظم گو...

کسب حلال کی راہ میں حائل معاشرتی رکاوٹیں: قرآنی نکتہ نظر سے ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Earning lawful is considered as a worship in the Holy Quran and traditions of Holy Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him). But unfortunately, it has become very difficult to earn halal in present age due so many obstacles into the society. The purpose of this research article is to uncover the social obstacles and hurdles in the way of lawful earning. Qualitative and descriptive research approach is employed for the collection, demonstration, and analysis of data. The review of literature revealed that there are so many hurdles in the society in the way of halal earning. For instance, Wrong wishes of lowerself, lust, bad social practices, influence of media are the most common among them. It is therefore recommended that Quranic messures should be taken in order to diminish these obstacles and to make the way of lawful earning easy.

Employee Workplace Behavior and Organizational Productivity: A Moderating Role of Performance Based Pay

Employee behavior is the most pivotal point of many research studies because it is closely connected with the issue of organization performance. The purpose of this study was to testify the variable that affects employee behavior, which in turn culminates into organizational productivity; special emphasis was placed on the investigation of the role of performance based pay as a moderating variable in enhancing the performance of individual and organizational productivity. The study focus was to determine the change in the organizational productivity (if any) when the performance based pay has been introduced in these selected organizations. Based on the nature of research, this study fits in descriptive and correlative research design, followed survey strategy and deductive approach, where the study intends to examine the relationship of variables and its effect. The study used quantitative data, which was collected through questionnaires using five likert scales, which was measured in terms of numerics and statistics. Total employees working in these organizations are 1821, including 355 management and 1466 other employees, 962 close ended questionnaires were distributed in selected firms for response and 855 responded. Regression Analysis was performed to check the effect of “X” on “Y”, “M” on “Y” and XM on Y for moderation. In Life Insurance Firms and private sector banks, the study find significant effect of employee behavior on organizational productivity, significant effect of performance based pay on the organizational productivity and moderation of performance based pay between employee behavior and organizational productivity. Further the research found a significant effect of employee behavior on organizational productivity, significant effect of performance based pay on the organizational productivity and no moderation of performance based pay between employees’ behavior and organizational productivity in case of Public Sector Banks. The study was conducted in the Peshawar market only, the findings of the study should not be generalized on other firms in the other parts of the country. This study will help the bankers and insurance firms to best understand the phenomena and enhance productivity, while introducing performance based pay in their organizations. The study discussed the future implications on the gap identified for researchers to conduct study in future. The study contributes to the field of knowledge, by addressing the issue of performance based pay and its effects on employee workplace behavior and organizational productivity. Second this study also contributes by evaluating the effect of PBP as moderating variable on EWB and OP.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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