Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

المبحث الثالث: خود کلامي

المبحث الثالث: خود کلامي
" خود کلامي" ھذہ المجموعۃ الثالثۃ لبروین شاکر۔

ظھرت ھذہ المجموعۃ الشعریۃ أمام أنظار الشعراء، ومحبي أعمال بروین شاکر لأول مرۃ عام (1985م)، وتعکس ھذہ المجموعۃ الشعریۃ المنازل الراقیۃ عن شخصیۃ الشاعرۃ، وتغیر أسلوب کلامھا ومرارۃ ألفاظھا، وقد أخذت الشاعرۃ تنظر الحیاۃ بنظرۃ أدق قریب من الحقیقۃ والواقع بعید عن الخیال والأمل الزائف۔ تقول الدکتورۃ سلطانۃ بخش یتضح في ’’خود کلامي‘‘ ان السفر الذي بدأت الشاعرۃ في خوشبو فقد تغیر أسلوبہ وحقیقتہ، وقد أصبحت ھذہِ المجموعۃ الشعریۃ صورۃ صادقۃ عن إنسانة بالغۃ تفھم الحیاۃ وتنظر الواقع علی حقیقتہ وتطورت أحاسیسھا، إنما في خوشبو فکان عن الشابۃ المراھقۃ ذات الأحاسیس المليئةبالأحلام والأمل الناعم وکانت تنظر إلی الحیاۃ بالبراء ۃ والبرودۃ الھادئة ۔ یقول أمجد أسلم أمجد ’’أن في شعر بروین شاکر من خوشبو إلى خود كلامي صورۃ واضحۃ عن الإحساسات التي یجد فیہ القاريء دقات عواطفہ الناقصۃ أو الکاملۃ بوضوح، وبراعۃ الشاعرۃ تکتمل في أنھا أعطت صورۃ صادقۃ عن ھذہ المشاعر والإحساسات بشکل لطیف وشعور ھاديء ناعم مليء بألوان البراءۃ۔
ورأي الشاعر حمایت علي في خود کلامي بأن ھذہ المجموعۃ عبارۃ عن تلك الروح التي تعبر عن حیاتھا وشعرھا الذي بہ تجد الأنس في وحدتھا وفراقھا ۔

یتضح من ذلك أن الشاعرۃ تقدمت في العمر والتجربۃ وأخذت تنظر للحیاۃ بصورتھا الحقیقیۃ، وأنھا تعطي تعبیرًا صادقًا عن وحدتھا وآلامھا، وکیف أن قلبھا المکسور یجد اللذۃ في الأنھیار والحزن، وأن جمال الوحدۃ والفراق یجد راحۃ البال والھدوء المسحور عند لقاء الحبیب، وھذہ المجموعۃ الشعریۃ تعطي صورۃ شاملۃ عن الحیاۃ وما فیھا من مشاکل وھموم والفھم العمیق وتنظر إلی الحیاۃ بنظرۃ قاسیۃ لأن الدنیا أقسیٰ من طموحاتھا، وکیف أنھا تحاول السير خلف تحقیق الأحلام والطموح ولکن قساوۃ الحیاۃ لا تساعدھا في تحقیق ھدفھا ولا تعطي لھا ید الأمل ولا تجد القلیل من الضوء في ھذا الطریق المظلم الذي سدّ أبواب أفراحُھا...

اسلامى بىنکارى مىں تنگدست مقروض سے وصولیابی کے شرعی اختیارات

Islam lays emphasis on social justice and sharing of resources between the haves and the have-nots. In order to create such a balanced socio-economic environment, the inter-class lending is considered to be a way forward ethical activity. Qard is a gratuitous contract in which one gives a certain homogeneous wealth to other against the condition of returning of similar value of wealth upon demand or after termination of payback period. As per Sharia'h, the Qard should not bring any return or benefit for the lender because that would be equivalent to Ribâ. Therefore the lender cannot charge or demand any extra amount against the extension on the payback period awarded to the poor borrower. Furthermore, Islam considers the difference between debtors who default by procrastination and those who default by necessity. The Holy Qur'an, in principal, recommends having compassion for the poor barrowers and giving them the grace period till they have the capacity to payback. In such scenario the Muslim lenders perceive that the Islam has set unilateral direction in favor of borrowers only. Therefore the lenders feel that they are handicapped or helpless and found themselves in a strangled situation.  This study is designed to solve the dilemma of lenders and explore risk mitigation strategies in case of insolvency of borrowers. The verses from the Holy Qur'an & Hadith of the Messenger (PBUH) and also work of prominent Sharia'h Scholars were considered to form a comprehensive guideline to mitigate the lender’s risk. Hence it has been proved that the Islam has given legal rights to the lender and allows some practical recovery strategies & tactics to recover the funds from the underprivileged borrowers. This study will play a key role in risk mitigation for default and late payments.

Exploring the Differences in Chemistry Achievements of Secondary School Students Across School System and Gender in Quetta, Pakistan

This study aimed to explore academic achievements of secondary school students in Chemistry across schools systems and gender. A newly developed and validated instrument - Chemistry Achievement Test (CAT)-was used for collection of the data. CAT comprised 35 items (25 multiple response questions and 10 constructed response questions). CAT encompassed four content domains of Chemistry; fundamental chemistry, physical state and particulate structure of matter, periodic table and periodicity of elements, and acids, bases & solutions, extracted from National curriculum for secondary classes. Furthermore, items were categorized on three cognitive domains; knowledge, application, and reasoning. CAT was administered to 374 grade 10 students who were randomly selected from public (n=6) and private (n=6) schools of Quetta, Pakistan. A total of 190 (50.8%) boys and 184 (49.2%) girls participated in the research study.Results demonstrated that the students scored only 30% of the total score exhibiting a weak conceptual understanding in the selected concepts of chemistry. Comparison across school systems favored private school students (p<0.01). Of the four content domains students from private schools have performed significantly better than students from public schools in physical state and particulate structure of matter (p<0.001). Of the three cognitive domains students from private schools performed significantly better than students from public schools in reasoning (p<0.01).Furthermore, gender comparison depicted that girls outperformed their boys counterparts (p<0.001). Of the four content domains girls performed significantly better (p<0.001 for all three) than boys in three content domains except periodic table and periodicity of elements. Of the three cognitive domains the girls performed significantly better than the boys (p<0.001 for all three).Using CAT students' conceptual understanding can be explored as well as their corresponding teachers which might lead to enable researchers to find out the impact of teachers' conceptual understanding in students achievement in Chemistry.The study also generates opportunities for further research in the area of students’ learning outcomes in secondary schools.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.