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ڈاکٹر شوقی ضیف

ڈاکٹر شوقی ضیف
۱۴، ۱۵؍ مارچ ۲۰۰۵؁ء کو شعبہ عربی علی گڑہ مسلم یونیورسٹی میں ’’دوسری جنگ عظیم‘‘ کے بعد ’’عربی ادب کے نئے رجحانات‘‘ کے عنوان سے ایک نیشنل سمینار ہوا جس کی روداد اپریل کے معارف میں شایع ہوچکی ہے، اس کے لیے راقم نے ’’ڈاکٹر شوقی ضیف: افضل العلما مولانا محمد یوسف کو کن کی نظر میں‘‘ کے عنوان سے مضمون لکھا تھا جس کو ۱۵؍ مارچ کو سمینار کے صبح کے اجلاس میں پڑھا، اسی روز شام کو پہلا اجلاس پروفیسر سلیمان اشرف (دہلی) کی صدارت میں شروع ہوا تو انہوں نے یہ افسوسناک اطلاع دی کہ ابھی خبر ملی ہے کہ ۱۱؍ مارچ بہ روز جمعہ ڈاکٹر شوقی ضیف کا انتقال ہوگیا، اسی وقت تاثراتی تقریریں ہوئیں، تعزیتی تجویز منظور کی گئی اور ڈاکٹر صاحب کے لیے دعائے مغفرت کی گئی۔
سمینار کے مندوبین کو شعبہ کی جانب سے جو کتابیں دی گئی تھیں ان میں ’’مجلۃ المجمع العلمی الہندی‘‘ کاتیئیسواں شمارہ بھی تھا، اتفاق سے اس میں بھی ڈاکٹر صاحب پر ایک مقالہ شامل تھا، اس سے اپنے مضمون میں کسی قدر اضافہ کر کے معارف کے قاریین کی خدمت میں پیش کررہا ہوں۔
ڈاکٹر شوقی ضیف بیسویں صدی کے عربی زبان کے مشہور مصنف اور بلند پایہ محقق و نقاد تھے، وہ جنوری ۱۹۱۰؁ء میں مصر کے ایک گاؤں ’’اولاد حمام‘‘ میں پیدا ہوئے، ان سے پہلے ان کے دو بڑے بھائی ایام شیر خوارگی ہی میں فوت ہوگئے تھے، اس لیے جب یہ پیدا ہوئے تو ان کے والدین کو بڑی خوشی ہوئی۔
ڈاکٹر صاحب کا پورا نام احمد شوقی عبدالسلام ضیف تھا، ضیف ان کے خاندان کا لقب اور عبدالسلام والد کا نام تھا، ان کا اصلی نام احمد شوقی تھا مگر وہ اختصار کے خیال سے اپنے کو صرف شوقی ضیف لکھتے تھے، یہی ان...

الحرية الدينية فى الاسلام

ALLAH has created the mankind as a rational being. He created mankind and Jinns for His worship and He sent mankind upon Earth so that they inhabit it with the complicated tangle of faithfulness in God and yet do the worldly deeds. He will hold accountable each individual for what he did. This test would not remain valid if not accompanied with necessary freedom of action and belief. Freedom is actually bestowed upon mankind by God Himself and it will be totally wrong to maintain it as a modern achievement that came after western, or any other enlightenment. It is not that a human or a group of them or any constitution or charter can truly give or grant freedom. Most important of all this is freedom of Religion. There is no compulsion in Religion, 2: 256. The early Muslims remained steadfast to this principle in all of their Ghazvat and they granted freedom of religious belief to their subjects. Religious sites and houses of worship were safeguarded against any harm. Islam and religious freedom are not put together. The following article will examine the Issue of Freedom of Religion in Islam and will try to remove misunderstandings regarding the issue.

Political Economy of Growth: An Evaluation of Revenue Department/Administration With Special Focus on District Faisalabad

In the agrarian economy like sub-continent, the land revenue has traditionally remained a major source of revenue collection by the government especially in absence of industrialization. Mughals established the skeleton of the land administration in sub-continent and the colonial regime of Britain later developed muscles on it. Purpose was maximum collection of revenue to bear the expenses of state craft. In order to maximize the potential of wasteland especially in Punjab, the British introduced the most extensive and efficient system of canal irrigation at that time. Huge but hitherto unpopulated and uncultivated tracts of west Punjab now Pakistan were made irrigable by means of digging of a network of canals from Indus River System and by offering lucrative grants of fertile lands to the leading agriculturist classes in east Punjab now India. This scheme opened new vistas for development in plains of five rivers in Punjab and a new socio-economic milieu took birth here by employing the prowess and entrepreneurship of landed gentry from east Punjab. Not only theses engineering and administrative feats changed the demographic profile as well as subsequent socio-economic and political landscape of Punjab but also greatly enhanced the avenues of land revenue collection. Many new taxes, rents, fees and cesses were introduced under the relevant Acts to be collected from the landowners, peasants and tenants as the case might be. The base of the land revenue widened a great deal and the revenue increased tremendously. This phenomenon of canal colonies was awesome and remains so for many till today. However, the subject matter of present study is the efficiency of the revenue administration and its efficacy in collection of land revenue. For that matter, the district Faisalabad has been selected as area of study first because it was at the heart of the Chenab Colony, the biggest canal colony and secondly the researcher worked there in the revenue department at tehsil and district level and directly imbibed information from the environment and came up with multiple observations on its present working.
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