Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

خلاصة الكتاب

لقد تحدثتُ في ھذه الدراسة عن الأدب المقارن وبدایۃ الشعر الحر، وحقیقۃ الشعر الحر، وھل الشعر الحر نوعٌ من النثر؟ وھل کانت حرکۃ الشعر الحر قویۃ ام لا، ثم تحدثت عن بعض شعراء العصر الحديث، وإتفاق الشعراء حول نازک الملائکۃ، ومکانۃ نازک الملائکۃ بین الشاعرات (النساء) في عصرھا.

 ثم تحدثتُ عن الشعر الحديث في شبہ القارۃ الھندیۃ، وتکلمتُ عن الأدب النسائي، والشاعرات الباکستانیات في اللغات المختلفہ داخل باكستان، ثم الأدب النسائي في اللغۃ الأردیۃ، وأھم الشاعرات في اللغۃ الأردیۃ بعد قيام الباکستان، ثم الأدب النسائي والعھد الحاضر، وتکلمت عن الغزل و بروین شاکر، وأعطیتُ نبذۃ بسیطۃ عن بعض أشھر شعراء العصر الحديث، وعن دور النساء في الساحۃ الأدبیۃ والشعریۃ بصفۃ عامۃ، وعن دور نازک الملائکۃ وبروین شاکر بصفۃ خاصۃ، وأن لھما مکانتھما الخاصۃ في الساحۃ الأدبیۃ والشعریۃ، وأنھما مشترکتان في الأسلوب والرأي والأفکار والأحزان، وأنھما من مشجعي الشعر الحر، ولکنھما مختلفتان في اللغۃ والدُول والجنسیۃ والعمر والتجربۃ، وقد تناولتُ شخصیۃ نازک الملائکۃ منذ ولادتھا إلی وفاتھا، وأنھا تعتبر من أکبر شاعرات العرب في القرن العشرین، ولھا مکانۃ عظیمۃ في الساحۃ الأدبیۃ؛ حیث أنھا قامت بحرکۃ شعریۃ جدیدۃ (حرکۃ الشعر الحر)، وھي في نفس الوقت رائدۃ الشعر الحر، ثم تکلمتُ عن أسلوب کتابتھا، وأھم دواوینھا، وعن ممیزات أشعارھا، ثم تحدثت عن بدایۃ النظم عند نازک الملائکۃ، وإلی من تنسب ریادۃ الشعر الحر، ثم تکلمت عن الشاعرۃ المعروفۃ بروین شاکر منذ ولادتھا إلی وفاتھا، وأھم أعمالھا العلمیۃ والإجتماعیۃ والشعریۃ، وأھم دواوینھا والمجموعات الشعریۃ المعروفۃ لھا وأحزانھا وما إلى ذلك، وعن فکرتھا عن العشق وعالم الرجال ، ومکانتھا في الأدب الأردو، ثم تحدثتُ أخیراً عن الأشعار المتشابھۃ والمختلفۃ من قصائد نازك الملائکۃ وبروین شاکر، وھذا الجزء من الدراسة استغرق وقتاً أطول، وبذلتُ فیھا جھوداً أکبر، وذلك أنني قمتُ بترجمۃ بعض قصائد بروین شاکر، فشرحت ھذہ الأبیات، وشرحتُ قصائد نازك الملائکۃ بشکل مجمل بسیط مفھوم للقاريء ، ثم عقدتُ...

EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNITY SCHOOL NETWORKING FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM: PERSPECTIVES OF TEACHERS AND SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS

Objective: In order to provide equal educational opportunities, community school networking is an emerging trend to facilitate inclusion of children with mild-moderate Autism. This quantitative research aims to investigate the effectiveness of community networking for children with Autism from Pakistani lower socio-economic stratum of society. Study Design: Qualitative Research Design Study Settings and Participants: Six mild-moderate autistic children were enrolled in three mainstreams schools and a liaison between these schools, and a rehabilitation center located in the same area was created to facilitate inclusion. The researchers interviewed six teachers from mainstream schools, three school administrators and one administrator of rehabilitation regarding the effectiveness of community school networking for children with Autism after eight months of this collaboration. Data Collection Tool: Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews Results: All participating administrators and teachers underscored the changes in social and behavioral patterns of autistic children which included an imitation of positive behaviors from peers, acceptance, and awareness as strengths of community school networking model. However, major challenges faced were unacceptability from parents of normal children, learning differences, curriculum modifications, time constraints and dependency on the resource teacher. The administrators and teachers recommended that creating awareness programs for parents of normal children, curriculum modifications and in-house psychologists can further facilitate inclusion of children with disabilities. Conclusion: It was concluded that community school networking model can assist inclusive education and encourage engagement for all children, including those who are autistic.

Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyamides, Poly Amide-Imide S, Polyimides and Polyurethanes Bearing Thiourea Moieties

This thesis primarily addresses the systematic modification of polyamides, poly(amide- imide)s, polyimides and polyurethanes to yield high performance poly(thiourea-amide)s, poly(thiourea-amide-imide)s, imide)s, poly(thiourea-ether-imide)s, poly(urethane-thiourea)s, poly(phenylthiourea-azomethine- poly(urethane-thiourea-imide)s and poly(urethane- azomethine-thiourea)s. The foremost goal of current research is the structural modification of polymers exploiting the synthetic chemistry to attain excellent solubility via slightly disrupting polymer chain regularity and packing. Various synthetic schemes were developed for the inclusion of thiourea moieties along with other desired linkages in these polymers. The designed monomers (dinitro, diamines, dicarboxylic acids, diacid chlorides, diols and diisocyanates) bearing pre-formed linkages were then synthesized and employed for the preparation of novel thiourea-based polymeric materials. The incorporation of different functional groups provides an opportunity to control certain physical properties such as solvent miscibility, η inh , crystallinity, molecular weight, thermal stability and flame retardancy of the resulting polymers. The effect of thiourea and other functional groups on the properties of newly synthesized polymers were scrutinized together with their structure-property relationship. Major tools utilized for the examination of polymer properties are FTIR, 1 H NMR, solubility, viscometry, GPC, TGA, DSC and XRD. Novel thiourea-based polymers demonstrated outstanding thermal stability without deteriorating their organosolubility or processability. Another objective of the work was to evaluate the expedient applications and potential relevance of these valuable high-performance materials for advanced technologies. The processable poly(thiourea-amide)s, poly(thiourea- amide-imide)s, poly(thiourea-ether-imide)s and poly(urethane-azomethine-thiourea)s were found to have superior thermal stability as well as non-flammability. Poly(phenylthiourea-azomethine- imide)s having C=S and –C=N– moieties can act as imminent contenders to fabricate certain electrically conducting materials. Poly(thiourea-amide)s, in addition to the excellent solubility and thermal resistance, can be employed as solid extracting phases for the elimination of environmentally toxic metal ions from aqueous media. Prior to this effort, reported in peer- reviewed journals, synthesis of high temperature polymers bearing C=S entity was an unexplored area. Easy processability, high molar mass, heat and flame stability, electrical conductivity, etc, depict their high adaptability in future, rendering them backbone materials in polymer science.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.