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مولانا غلام رسول مہرؔ

مولانا غلام رسول مہر
چودھری غلام رسول مہر کاانتقال ۷۲ برس کی عمر میں گذشتہ مہینہ لاہور میں ہوا۔ہماری بزمِ علم وادب کے اہم رکن تھے ۔ان کی شہرت کاآغاز ’’اخبار نویس‘‘ کی حیثیت سے ہوا۔ برسوں تک اخبار ’زمیندار‘ لاہور کی ادارت کرتے رہے۔ جب وہاں سے مولانا ظفر علی خاں کی پالیسی سے اختلاف کے باعث وہ اور عبدالمجید سالک الگ ہوئے تودونوں نے مل کر بڑی آب وتاب اور طمطراق سے روزنامہ ’’انقلاب‘‘ نکالنا شروع کیا۔مہر صاحب افتتاحیہ لکھتے تھے جو بڑا پر مغز، مدلل اور سنجیدہ ہوتاتھا اور سالک ’’افکار وحوادث ‘‘ لکھتے تھے،جومزاحیہ ہوتے اور اردو زبان وادب کے چٹخاروں کے باعث بڑی دل چسپی اور شوق سے پڑھے جاتے تھے۔ مہرصاحب کاقلم بڑاشگفتہ تھا، جو کچھ لکھتے تھے بڑے غورو فکر اور مطالعہ کے بعد لکھتے تھے۔وہ صرف اخبار نویس نہیں بلکہ صفِ اوّل کے ادیب مصنف اور محقق بھی تھے۔مرزاغالب اورحضرت سید احمدشہید ان کے تحقیقی مطالعہ کے خاص موضوعات تھے۔ان پرانھوں نے نہایت وقیع اورقابل قدر کتابیں لکھی ہیں۔ مولانا ابوالکلام آزاد کے ساتھ ان کی عقیدت ارادت کے درجہ کوپہنچی ہوئی تھی۔اس ارادت کے باعث ان کو قرآن مجید کے ساتھ بھی بڑا شغف اوراس کاخاص ذوق تھا۔افسوس ہے تقسیم کے بعد پاکستان میں ان کو وہ عروج حاصل نہیں ہواجس کے وہ مستحق تھے۔وہاں کی سوسائٹی میں ان کی شخصیت کچھ دب سی گئی تھی۔آخرعمر میں ان کی معاشی پریشانیاں بہت بڑھ گئی تھیں، جس کا اندازہ ان خطوط سے ہوتا ہے جو ’’نقوش کے مکاتیب نمبر میں چھپے ہیں۔اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت اور دارِ آخرت کی راحتیں نصیب فرمائے۔ [دسمبر ۱۹۷۱ء]

Government Auditors' Capabilities to Detect Fraud and The Factors that Influence Them

Fraud is behavior that is contrary to the law carried out by individuals, both from within and outside the organization, with the intention of gaining personal or group benefit while harming other people. This research aims to determine the influence of professional skepticism, competence, independence and ethics on the auditor's ability to detect fraud. The variables of this research are professional skepticism, competence, independence and ethics as variable This research used census techniques, so the number of samples in this study was 56 people. Data analysis in this study used statistical analysis with Statistical Product and Service for Windows version 26.00 (SPSS version 26). The results of this research show that Professional Skepticism has a significant effect on the auditor's ability to detect fraud, Competence has a significant effect on the auditor's ability to detect fraud, Independence has a significant effect on the auditor's ability to detect fraud, Ethics has a significant effect on the auditor's ability to detect fraud.

Political Socialization in Pakistan: A Study of Madrassa Education System

The Madrassa system has been providing an alternative mean to get education, which is religious in nature, according to the Islamic traditional values and is also affordable. Madrasa system in Pakistan is performing the functions of educational institution. Political socialization can be defined as acquisition of political culture and incorporation of political norms. To have a stable society is very important to study the political socialization. Madrassa as a part of education institution is likely to affect the political system of Pakistan, which is another social institution and vice versa through political socialization. The study is focused on the political socialization of the Madrassa students of Pakistan. An effort has been made to study the political socialization through the variables, political trust, citizens’ duties, political efficacy, political participation and political knowledge. The study is based on the primary data collected using mix research method to study the political socialization of madrassa through these variables. The qualitative and quantitative strands are carried out in split manner yet concurrently and are incorporated while interpreting a comprehensive and substantiated conclusion. The findings of the study show that madrassa students trust on the political system of Pakistan, they behave in society as good citizens by obeying the laws and rules set by the government as a citizen of a country. The students take part in the politics by supporting and voting for some candidate. Most of them have affiliation with some political parties. The findings of the study also show that the political knowledge of madrassa students increases with increase in their age. The study concludes that the madrassa education system is contributing in political system of the Pakistan through socializing the madrassa students about the politics. Both students and the teachers of madrassa understand the concepts of political trust, citizen duties, political efficacy, political participation and political knowledge.
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