مولانا رشید احمد صاحب سالم انصاری
ماہ گزشتہ کا سب سے بڑا علمی حادثہ جناب مولانا رشید احمد صاحب سالم انصاری کی وفات ہے، مرحوم نے تقریباً بیس پچیس برس مسلسل ہماری زبان کی خدمت کی۔ عربی و فارسی کے وہ لائق ادیب تھے، ان کا علمی شوق و ذوق فطری تھا۔ ان کی زندگی کا اکثر حصہ مطالعہ اور کتب بینی میں صرف ہوتا تھا، قلمی کتابوں کی تلاش اور جستجو میں انہوں نے ہندوستان کا گوشہ گوشہ چھان ڈالا تھا۔ آخر میں ذی الحجہ ۱۳۴۰ھ میں جب علی گڑھ میں خاکسار اُن سے ملنے گیا تو ان کو بستر مرگ پر پایا اور یہی ان کا مرض الموت تھا، اس عالم میں بھی جتنی دیر ان کے پاس بیٹھنے کا اتفاق ہوا وہ علمی تذکرے کرتے رہے اور جہانگیر نامہ کے ایک قلمی نسخہ کو بڑی محنت سے ترتیب دیا تھا، اس کی اشاعت کا تذکرہ کرتے رہے۔ اردو مترجمات میں المدینۃ والاسلام، النصرانیۃ والاسلام، کتاب التوحید، الفوز الکبیر، وغیرہ مفید تالیفات یادگار چھوڑی ہیں، ترک موالات کے سلسلہ میں مرحوم علی گڑھ کالج چھوڑ کر جامعہ ملیہ میں چلے آئے تھے اور یہیں سے رخصت ہوئے، خدا مغفرت ارزائی فرمائے۔
Introduction: Adaptive expertise is the ability of individuals to create innovative solutions when they come across novel problems or workplace challenges. Clinicians are often adept at handling routine clinical procedures but lack confidence and a proper strategy when previously un-encountered situations arise. Lots of research has been conducted on basic concepts and development of adaptive expertise however major chunk of literature belongs to non- medical fields. Little is studied about assessment of adaptive expertise in medical professionals and postgraduate residents. Objective: To measure adaptive expertise (AE) of radiology residents and to assess any association between the AE of postgraduate radiology residents (PGR) and their years of training. Methods: This multicenter correlational study involved 181 radiology residents from nine major teaching hospital of Lahore, Pakistan from May to October 2019. Katerina Bohle Carbonell Adaptive Expertise Inventory was used as a data collection tool. The questionnaire contained a total of eleven items encompassing two dimensions of AE: domain-specific and innovative skills. Total scores representing AE of PGRs were measured. AE scores and years of training were correlated using Spearman rho correlation. One-way ANOVA was conducted to further evaluate the association between AE and years of postgraduate training. Results: Out of 181 residents there were 78 (43.1%) males and 103 (56.9%) females. Most of them, 97 (53.6%) were enrolled in four years fellowship (FCPS) program and 62 (34.3%) were in the first year of their residency. Total AE scores of all radiology residents ranged from 33 to 54. AE scores and years of residency were positively correlated (rs= 0.4, p < 0.01). One-way ANOVA and Post hoc comparisons using Tukey HSD test further revealed significant pairwise differences between mean scores of residents’ groups (p = < 0.05) rejecting the null hypothesis. Conclusion: Overall, this study concludes that residents acquire adaptive expertise perpetually with progression in their training. KEYWORDS: Adaptive Expertise (AE), Radiology, Postgraduate Residents (PGRs)
Influence of "Txt-Speak" on the mechanics of Creative Writing: A Case study of BS(Hons) English Students At NUML Writing has an influential position in educational setting as everyday students write different pieces of writing. Essay writing comes under the category of non-fiction creative writing. Students write different kinds of Essays in their colleges and universities. There are many mechanics of essay writing such as; spellings, punctuation marks, parts of speech, vocabulary and grammar etc. All of these mechanics make an essay intelligible and comprehensible. Any essay written without these mechanics look ‘shallow’. From the last few years, a discussion arose that all of these mechanics are declining due to the features of txt-speak. Present study focuses on to explore that whether txt-speak has any influence to bring the change in the mechanics of essay writing. For this reason, two questionnaires were developed. The purpose of developing two questionnaires was to get as original responses as possible. Conceptual frame work of the present study is related to the two motives of language change: Economy and Expressiveness. Through the analysis of second questionnaire it was found that features of txt-speak have both of these two motives of language change. In order to meet the objectives of the study, samples of the frequent users’ text messages and essay writings that features of txt-speak were prominent in the writings of the frequent users of texting. After this, comparison of the essay writings of frequent and non-frequent users shows that txt- speak is bringing change in two mechanics of writing such as parts of speech and spellings besides this there was no significant difference was observed with respect to punctuation marks. Present study also go against to the opinions of those people who say that language is declining due to txt- speak. It is a fact that whenever a new thing comes in society it is appreciated by some people and few other do not like this change. Present study also focuses on that it’s wrong to say txt-speak is good or bad rather it is totally up to the users of that language. When this language would have enough speakers then get status in society. For present study, through triangulation data was collected and it was analyzed through both ways; qualitatively and quantitatively.