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۳۸۔ عیدی

عیدی

جب لوگ آسمان کی وسعتوں میں

ایک خم دار دھندلی سی لکیر تلاش کر رہے تھے

جو سب کے لیے باعث ِ مسرت تھی

مگر کسے خبر تھی

وہ شام میرے لیے غموں کے طوفان لانے والی ہے

اس لکیر کو دیکھتے ہوئے

میرے تصور میں بھی ایک نقطہ سا پھیلنے لگا

جو ایک مانوس صورت کا روپ دھار رہا تھا

چند قیمتی اذیت دہ لمحات میں ڈھلتی صورت

Social Welfare in the Religions of Subcontinent a Critical Study

Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism are among the major religions of Sub-continent. The present study highlights the fact that public welfare is preached by all of these religions. Giving alms for the sake of public welfare is an important part of various Hindu religious practices. The role of latest reformist movements is also worth mentioning along with the Hindu literature related with social well-being. Arya Sam฀j movement did many activities for the welfare of people. The founder of Buddhism made efforts for the betterment of mankind and used his religion and teachings to propagate public welfare. Buddhism rejected the caste system and played an important and effective role to minimize the sufferings of affected community. In this regard Islam rises to the highest pedestal as the topic of Holy Quran is Man. It focuses not only on the worldly success of man but also his success in the hereafter. Islam has gone a step ahead than other religions as the activities of public welfare are considered worship in it. The rights of human beings are given great importance and they are given no less importance than rights of Allah. Moreover, the Holy Prophet (S. A. W) took noteworthy steps for the welfare of whole mankind without any discrimination and these are highlighted in this paper. Islam also gives lineaments of the methods and modes of public welfare and goes beyond the other Semitic and non-Semitic religions in this regard. This paper explores and highlights the measures taken by the mentioned religions in a comparative manner and also proves that Islamic concept of social welfare is not only limited to human beings but it also enfolds other living beings and even plants. Islam provides a complete road map of public welfare. Islamic society not only progresses financially but it also focuses on spiritual, ideological and social progress. The aim of social welfare cannot be achieved unless equilibrium is maintained between rights and duties. Islam not only stresses on the rights of the weak but also safeguards the rights of the rich.

Enchancing the Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyster Resin

Recent research in medical field has reviled that phthalates are carcinogenic. Phthalates are derivatives of phthalic acid, are produced by reacting phthalic anhydride with appropriate alcohols. Phthalates have been termed as metabolic disruptors. Longer exposure of many years to these metabolic disruptors can deregulate the complex metabolic pathways in a subtle manner. Resulting in the damage to the vital organs like liver and kidneys. The unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) used in the manufacturing of products which come in contact with human foods or useables should be phthalate free. In August 2008 a legislation was enacted in USA under Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act, public law 110-314. Under this law, it became unlawful for any person to manufacture or sale, distribute or import in USA any children toys or child care article that contains 0.1% of Di ethyl hexyl phthalate ( DEHP) , Di butyl phthalate( DBP) or Benzyl butyl phthlate (BBP). A similar restriction was imposed in Europe in 2009. In view of above we worked to develop phthalate free resins. We had to eliminate the sources of phthalates i.e. phthalic acid and its anhydrides also the solvents like Di butyl phthalate having phthalate molecules .This deteriorates the mechanical properties, to overcome this problem step by step reduction of phthalic anhydride was done through a series of recipes. The reaction time, temperature and raw materials were monitored to achieve the required branching of the molecular structure leading to improved mechanical properties of the product. The UPR developed through this experimentation is free of phthalates and exhibits tensile strength in the range of 61 MPA or higher. For development of phthate free resins with acceptable mechanical properties, we used an experimental set up comprising a glass reactor, equipped with a mechanical anchor type stirrer, heating system having a range from 0-400 0c, covered with a glass lid with five holes, to accommodate, thermocouple, thermometer, condenser, inlet for chemicals. The chemicals used include , phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, adipic acid, fumaric acid, di ethylene glycol, mono ethylene glycol, neo pentyle glycol, styrene monomer, potassium hydroxide, hydroquinone, waxes, methyl ethyl ketone per oxide, cobalt octoate, methyl ethyl ketone . a Taking into account the properties of the different raw materials and their stichiometeric requirements to carry out the polymerization reaction properly we established different recipes and produced several batches of UPR. These resins were then used as a matrix to produce GRP sheets, chopped strand matt of 450 gms/m2 was used as reinforcement medium, for surface strength we used tissue mat of 50 gms/m2. Sheets were laminated in a glass mould, thickness being 3mm and size 1 ft 2 . From above GRP sheets, we arranged sample strips of 127*25.4*2.5 mm3 in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D3039, to measure tensile strength on UTM TIRA 2810.Similarly sample strips having dimensions 101.6*13*2.5 mm3 in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D3479 were developed to determine the flexural strength. Our recipe number 6 and 7, having no phthalates as raw materials reached the maximum tensile strength of 62 N/mm2. and flexural strength of 100 N/mm2 these mechanical strengths are good enough to produce a variety of GRP products with phthalates free status. An application titled “PHTHALATE FREE UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESIN”, has been submitted to intellectual Property Organization (IPO) Pakistan for grant of patent rights (Application No. 543/2014 dated 24.07.2014).
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