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مولانا غلام محمد شملوی

مولانا غلام محمدشملوی
یہ خبر نہایت رنج و افسوس کے ساتھ درج کی جاتی ہے کہ ندوۃ العلماء کے مشہور سفیر و وکیل مولانا غلام محمد صاحب شملوی نے ۲۹؍ مارچ ۱۹۳۴؁ء کو وفات پائی، ندوۃ العلماء کے مقاصد کی اشاعت اور اس کے لیے مالی امدادوں اور چندوں کے حصول میں ان کی کوششیں بہت کامیاب تھیں، وہ جوانی میں تارک الدنیا فقیر ہوگئے تھے، اور جنگلوں میں رہتے تھے، ندوۃ العلماء کے ابتدائی اجلاسوں کے روحانی اثرات نے ان کو دوبارہ دنیا میں داخل کیا اور ندوۃ العلماء کی خدمت کا ایسا ولولہ ان میں پیدا کیا کہ مرتے دم تک سرد نہیں ہوا، وہ بڑے پرجوش مقرر، روشن خیال عالم اور صاحب عزم محنتی تھے، ندوہ کی خدمت میں انہوں نے ہندوستان کی گلی گلی کی خاک چھانی، اور ہر چھوٹے بڑے سے ملے، مدت سے ان کی صحت خراب تھی، وفات کے وقت ان کی عمر ستر کے قریب ہوگئی، تاہم ان میں ایسی ہمت تھی جو جوانوں کو شرماتی تھی، خدا مغفرت فرمائے۔
(سید سلیمان ندوی، اپریل ۱۹۳۴ء)

 

اعتناء المستشرقين بالواقدي وكتابه المغازي دراسة تحليلية

Muhammad ibn ‘Umr Al-W฀qid฀ is considered to be one of the most famous early Muslim historians. Despite being disputed among the circle of Muhaddith฀n, he was popular among the early Muslim historians. He got recognition and fame as a historian in the 2nd half of 2nd century of Hijrah. In fact, he was an outstanding historian who introduced new trends in writing and composition of historic narratives. The early Muslim historians cited and quoted Al-W฀qid฀ freely where they needed him without any kind of reluctance. It is well to know that western orientalists pay special attention to AlW฀qid฀ and his book "Al-Magh฀z฀ ". Perhaps it is not due to their biasness or impartiality, but for the excellent work of Al-W฀qid฀. In this regard, they think that Al-W฀qid฀ is more accurate and clear in giving details and judgments about historical events than any other early Muslim historian. Al-W฀qid฀ 's dating of historical events is more acute and correct. He owns what he produces and narrates. Moreover, he seems to be sensitive and aware of consequences of what he writes in his book " Al-Magh฀z฀ ", that is why we see him sometime indulging in some issues extra-ordinarily and proving and disproving what he thinks right or wrong by logical (internal and external) criticism. Al-W฀qid฀ explores historical events and tries to know about root causes of their happening and finally analyzes their consequences. These are some special qualities of Al-W฀qid฀ 's work in the eyes of western orientalists. In this article, I have tried to highlight these aspects of Al-W฀qid฀ 's work from the oriental literature.

Genetics of Drought Tolerance Indices in Gossypium Hirsutum L.

The potential for breeding Gossypium hirsulum L. for drought stress tolerance was investigated in the present studies. For this purpose, a sample of 40 cotton varieties/lines was screened in greenhouse as well as in field condition. In glasshouse, drought stress was applied at 50%, 75% and 100% field capacity. The performance of theses genotypes was compared using data on shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, relative water content and excised leaf water loss through biplot analysis. In field condition, genotypes were screened in two irrigation regimes (normal and drought stress). Drought tolerance indices i.e. stress tolerance index, stress susceptible index, mean productivity, relative decrease in yield index, yield stability index, yield index were calculated on the basis of seed cotton yield. Ten highly drought tolerant (VH-144, IUB-212, MNH-886, VH-295, IR-3701, AA-802, NIAB-111, NS-121, FH-113, FH-142) and five drought sensitive (IR-3, CIM-443, FH-1000, MNH-147, S-12) genotypes/cultivars were selected on the basis of biplot analysis. In order to make F1 crosses in the glasshouse, drought tolerant genotypes were kept as lines and drought sensitive genotypes as testers by using line × tester mating design. Genetic material was field planted under two irrigation regimes (normal and drought stress). At maturity data was recorded for plant height, number of monopodial branches, number of sympodial branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed cotton yield, seed index, lint percentage (GOT %), fiber length, fiber strength, fiber fineness and fiber uniformity. The analysis of F1 and parental data revealed that there were preponderance of non-additive gene action for all the traits under normal and drought condition. The line VH-295 was a good general combiner followed by FH-142 among the traits. Among testers, CIM-443 appeared to be good general combiner for most of the traits. Comparison of crosses showed that FH-142 × IR-3 was the best combinations for plant height, boll weightseed cotton yield, yield index and relative drought index. The cross combinations NS-121 × CIM-443 and IUB-212 × CIM-443 exhibited good mid parent and better parent heterosis for seed cotton yield related traits under normal and drought conditions. The cross VH-144 × MNH-147 showed good mid parent heterosis for fiber length and fiber strength while the cross FH-113 × IR-3 showed good better parent heterosis for fiber strength and fiber fineness under normal and drought conditions. The cross combination IUB-212 × CIM-443 exhibited good mid parent and better parent heterosis effect for most of drought tolerance indices. The lines × testers’ interaction contributed more to expression of most of traits under normal and drought condition except fiber uniformity for tester under normal and drought condition and GOT% for tester under normal condition. The crosses VH-144 × S-12, FH-142 × IR-3 and NIAB-111 × IR-3 can be used in variety development program for drought pruned areas of Pakistan with high specific combining ability for most of traits under drought condition. Non additive gene action for most of traits suggests the possibility of using this material in the hybrid development programme in cotton.
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