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مولانامفتی محمود احمد نانوتوی

مولانا مفتی محمود احمد نانوتوی
افسوس! گزشتہ مہینہ ہمارے شبستان دارالعلوم دیوبند کے دو اور روشن چراغ بجھ گئے۔ مولانا مفتی محمود احمد صاحب نانوتوی ناتوتہ کے ایک اعلیٰ اور شریف خاندان کے فردِ فرید تھے۔ تعلیم دیوبند میں پائی تھی، اولاً حضرت شیخ الہند اور پھر حضرت الاستاذ مولانا محمد انورشاہ الکشمیری سے خاص استفادہ کیااوران سے تلمذ خصوصی کاتعلق رکھتے تھے ۔علم وفن کی پختہ استعداد وزہد وورع اوراخلاق فاضلہ، یہ تینوں اوصاف بزرگان دیوبند کے امتیازی کمالات تھے۔ مفتی صاحب بھی ان کے جامع تھے ۔لیکن انھوں نے فقہ اورحدیث کواپنا خاص فن بنالیا تھااور ان میں ان کی نظر بڑی دقیق اور غامض تھی۔ایک عرصہ سے اجین میں قیام پذیر تھے۔وہاں کی مسلم اورغیرمسلم آبادی کوانھوں نے اپنے علم وفضل اور کردار سے کس درجہ عقیدت مند بنالیا تھااس کااندازہ اس سے ہوگا کہ جب ان کا جنازہ اٹھاہے تو تنگیِ وقت کے باوجود کم وبیش پندرہ ہزار آدمی اس کے جلوس میں تھے اور ان میں جن سنگھی بھی تھے ۔ دارالعلوم کی مجلس شوریٰ کے دیرینہ رکن تھے اور اس کی ہر ممکن خدمت کواپنا فرض سمجھتے تھے۔ حضرت شاہ صاحب سے عقیدت کیا ان کے نام کے عاشق تھے۔مجلس میں جب کبھی حضرت الاستاذ کاذکر چھڑ جاتا تو دوسروں کی باتیں بڑی توجہ اوردل چسپی سے سنتے اور پھر جب خود بولنا شروع کرتے توعالم ہی عجیب ہوتا جس کو سن کردل ودماغ دونوں روشن ہوجاتے تھے۔ رحمہ اﷲ رحمۃً واسعۃ۔
[فروری ۱۹۶۹ء]

صلح حدیبیہ: آنحضرت کی ﷺ سیاسی، معاشرتی اور دفاعی حکمت عملی

Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) is the last Apostle to human beings. He was gifted with a divine Deen having complete code of life. Every field of life has been discussed in the Holy Quran and Sunnah of the Prophet r. As an Apostle, head of the state and army commander, He guided the mankind and provided an excellent example in all the perspectives of life. As a commander of the Islamic forces, the Holy Prophet r fought twenty seven Ghazwat after migration to Madina. In Zeqaida 6 AH, during the pact of Hudaibia a complete turn was taken by Muslims. After this event, the Muslim army role changed to offensive rather than defensive. Immediately, after the pact, the Holy Prophet r attacked on Khyber in Muharram 7th AH, while the whole Hijaz region was captured during the Ghazwa Fath-i-Makkah. In this article, the strategy and tactics employed by the Holy Prophet r during Hudaibia truce have been discussed. These tactics are useful and beneficial in modern era warfare also. As an ideal for all the Ummah, lessons should be extracted by the commanders to defend their motherland and ideological boundries.

Investigation into Status of Science Motivation Among Intermediate Science Students Through Science Motivation Questionnaire 2006 and its Validation

Motivation is an inner force that activates and provides direction to our thought, feelings and actions. Two main characteristics of motivation are goal directed behavior and persistence. Motivated people persistently work for the goal till it is achieved. Intrinsic-motivation, self-efficacy and assessment anxiety, independence, career motivation and grade motivation are motivational elements that become visible to affect one’s regulated learning, presented by Glynn and Koballa (2006) Science motivation questionnaire (SMQ) administered its construct validation was investigated on students at the college level. The authors recommended that it may be tried out on students with science major in other cultured settings to examine its construct validity. The study, therefore, sought to explore its construct validity for science students at the college level along with their gender wise comparison on science motivation. The research questions were what evidence is there that motivation can be measured through the SMQ validity and reliability? Are there gender differences in motivation with science students? Are there differences in motivation with science learning experience? The objectives of the study were thus to investigate the construct validity of the science motivation questionnaire, to examine any motivational differences between male and female intermediate science students, to examine any differences between first and second year science students, and to put forward recommendations in the light of the findings of the study. The college students of intermediate classes in the province of Punjab constituted the population of the study. A sample of 600 1st and 2nd year science students served as the sample of the study which were selected through two stage cluster sampling. To measure the science motivation components, the 30-item Likert-type science motivation questionnaire developed by Glynn and Koballa (2006) was used in the study that claims to influence self-regulated learning. Principal Components Analysis, using varimax rotation, was used to find the fundamental structure of the SMQ. In addition, inter-item correlation was explored using Kendall’s Tau-b. Chi-Square ‘contingency test’ was applied to compare the two distributions of responses. EXCEL spread sheet was used for chi-square analysis because SPSS does not handle it well. The Scree plot did not indicate any factor structure; also inter-item correlations (Kendall’s Tau-b) suggested no factor structure. However, in gender comparison, the 30 items, there are statistical differences in 9 of them.
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