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محمد علی جناح [قائد اعظم]

محمد علی جناح
گزشتہ مہینہ جب کہ برہان کی کاپیاں پریس میں جاچکی تھیں مسٹر محمد علی جناح کے انتقال کی افسوسناک خبرملی۔ موصوف پاکستان کے معمار اولین اوراب اس کے قیام کے بعد اس کی ریڑھ کی ہڈی تھے اس بنا پر اہل پاکستان جتنا بھی غم اور ماتم کریں کم ہے لیکن اس سانحہ کاافسوس سب کوہی ہوا کیونکہ اگرچہ کچھ دن اوپر ایک برس ہواوہ ہم سے بچھڑ گئے تھے، تاہم تھے وہ معدن ہند کے ہی ایک گوہر آبدار اور ہندوستان کی شصت سالہ جدوجہد آزادی کی تاریخ کے صفحات ان کے ذکر سے بھی خالی نہیں ہیں۔
مرحوم کوعام طورپر ہندوؤں کادشمن سمجھا جاتاہے حالانکہ مسلمانوں کے قائد اعظم کا اُن پر ایک احسان ہی کیا کم ہے کہ جسے قدامت پرست ہندو خود چاہتے تھے مگرزبان سے اس کا اظہار تک نہ کرسکتے تھے وہ قائداعظم نے خودبخود کردیا یعنی ہندوستان کے آزاد ہونے کا وقت قریب آیاتوایک چھوٹا ساٹکڑا لے کریہ کہہ کر پوراملک ان کے حوالہ کردیا :
سپردم بتومایۂ خویش را
/تودانی حسابِ کم وبیش را
wاوریہاں کے مسلمانوں کوغیرموثرٔاقلیت میں تبدیل کرکے ایسا بے دست و پا بنادیا کہ اب ہندومہا سبھا تک کو ان تہی دستان قسمت پرغصہ آنے اوران کی طرف سے خوفزدہ ہونے کے بجائے ان پرترس آنے لگاہے :
کھیل ہیں دورِآسمانی کے
چنانچہ مرحوم کہابھی کرتے تھے کہ ’’ہندومجھ کواپنا دشمن سمجھتے ہیں لیکن اگر پاکستان بن گیا تووہ ہمیشہ میرے احسان مند رہیں گے اورمیرے مرنے کے بعد ان کومحسوس ہوگا میں ان کادشمن نہیں سچا دوست تھا۔‘‘
اس میں شبہ نہیں کہ مرحوم اپنی ذہانت وفطانت، قانونی اورپارلیمنٹری قابلیت و لیاقت،سیاسی سمجھ بوجھ،خوداعتمادی،قوت تحریر وخطابت،غیر معمولی قوت ارادی،مستقل مزاجی،حاضرجوابی، ان اوصاف وکمالات کے باعث عہد حاضر کے ایک بڑے آدمی تھے اورسیاسی لیڈر کی حیثیت سے ان کادامن...

Management Development Program to Increase Employee Capacity and Responsibility During the Covid-19 Pandemic

This article discusses the urgency of a management development program. A development principle that combines experiential learning, classroom learning and learning through others. The program development strategy can run well if it is accompanied by a well-planned human resource and capacity development program. So that it is expected to be able to help achieve the goals in producing high quality human resources. The human resource development strategy is a plan on how the quality of human resources can develop into a better direction and increase their work capacity. And have good loyalty to the company. Human resource development is needed for the continuity of a company so that it can develop more dynamically. Because human resources are the most important element in a company.

Ontology Based Semantic Concurrent Activity Recognition

Activity recognition has a vital role in smart home operations. Major challenges in activity recognition are personalization, recognising parallel and interleave activities, erratic degree of dissimilar activities, identification of same object used in multiple activities, catering sensor noise caused by mal-interactions, dynamically determining the context of personalized activities and evolution of generic activity model for new activities. Moreover, object-sensor-based activity recognition by learning for complete activity pattern derived from a generic activity model in sequential and parallel activities may also be asserted as open research realms. A dynamic and generic framework named Ontology driven Semantic Activity Recognition (OSCAR) has been proposed to address the asserted challenges through hybrid of data driven techniques, temporal formalism and knowledge-driven techniques. An unlabelled sensor stream generated by inhabitant’s interactions has been accumulated into sensor repositories that is processed by OSCAR to recognise personalized activities performed in sequential or interleaved fashion. The major modules of OSCAR for activity recognition are sensor properties sequencer, semantic segmentor, personalized activity learner, spurious filter model and ontology evolution model. The spurious semantic segmentation produced by sensor noise or erratic behaviour is removed by Allen’s temporal formalism. Moreover, Tversky’s feature-based similarity has been used to remove the highly similar spurious activities produced as a result of mistaken interactions with wrong home objects. A comprehensive set of experiments has been carried out for evaluating the effectiveness of OSCAR over different metrics such as chi-square distribution, precision, recall and f-measure. In order to measure the performance of proposed technique covering all the possible actions/activities. A standard dataset, named CASAS, has been used for making a comparative analysis of different scenarios in activity recognition with state of the art work by Riboni and KCAR. In order to validate distinct research perspectives such as sensor noise, learning user specific actions; no dataset could comprehend these scenarios to the best of our knowledge. So, a dataset named Data Acquisition Methodology for Smart Homes (DAMSH) was developed while adhering to standard guidelines. The evaluation using stated metrics, over different datasets and comparative analysis with prevalent techniques assert OSCAR as a viable and superior solution. The efficacy of OSCAR is complemented by the distinctive features of dynamically learning personalized actions of inhabitants, boundary detection of activities, ontologies, identification and elimination spurious actions and seed knowledge evolution through ontologies.
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