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کاغان وادی دیاں ویکھن یوگ جھیلاں

واد ی کاغان دیاں ویکھن یوگ جھیلاں

                وادی کاغان نوں جھیلاں دی دھرتی وی آکھیا جا ندا اے ۔ایس وادی وچ کل نوں(۹) وڈیاں چھوٹیاں جھیلاں ہن ۔ہر جھیل اپنی وکھری شناخت تے اہمیت رکھدی اے تے ہر جھیل دے نال کوئی نہ کوئی داستان ضرور موجود اے ۔

                آنسو جھیل

                ایہہ قدرت دا حسین شاہکار جھیل اے جیویں ناں تو ں پتہ لگدا اے ایس دی شکل اتھرو (آنسو)نال ملدی جلدی اے ۔ایتھے اپڑن دے تن راہ نیں ۔پہلا پیدل راہ مہانڈری براستہ بیاڑی آنسو جھیل جاندا اے ۔ایہہ اک لماں راستہ اے ۔دوسرا راہ پیدل کاغان توں آنسوجھیل تک جا ندا اے ۔ایہہ راستہ وی اک لماں راستہ اے ۔تیجا راہ سیف الملوک توں ہوندا ہویا آنسو جھیل تائیں جاندا اے ۔آنسو جھیل توں منور دریا نکلدا ے ۔ایہہ جھیل بہت زیادہ اچیائی اتے ہوون پاروں سارا سال برف نال ڈھکی رہندی اے ۔برف نال ڈھکی ہوون کارن جھیل بہت سوہنی تے باقی جھیلاں نالوں نویکلی جاپدی اے ۔ایس علاقے وچ آبادی نہیں اے ایس لئی سیلانیاںنوں کھان پین دا ساما ن نال رکھنا چاہیدا اے تے نالے گرم کپڑے وی کیوںجے ایتھے موسم دا کوئی اعتبار نہیں اے کسے ویلے وی بدل سکدا اے ۔

                جٹی جھیل

                ناراںتوں 5کلومیٹر دور’’ غملا ‘‘ناں دی ایک تھاں اے ۔ایتھے ایہہ جھیل پہاڑ دے پچھوکڑ وچ اے ۔بہت گھٹ لوکاں نوں ایس بارے جانکاری اے ۔ایس جھیل دا قطر لگ بھگ 500مربع میٹر اے ۔ایہہ چھوٹی جیہی پیالہ نما جھیل بالکل خاموش ہے ۔ایس دا پانی گوہڑا ہرا اے تے ایس دے آل دوالے دے کھیتاں وچ آلو کاشت کیتے جا ندے نیں ۔آ ل دوالے دے پہاڑ ایس جھیل دی سندرتا...

انسان کی معاشرتی زندگی پر صفات الہیہ کے اثرات

There are a lot of profound effects of attributes of Allah on the human social life. When the person recognizes the attributes of Allah, he starts efforts to adopt those attributes through which he succeeds in his practical life. In fact the knowledge of Allah’s attributes is the base of all kinds of knowledge and beleives. This paper is a study to develop the moral narms, human behavior and impact of attributes of Allah Almighty on the human society in this life and in the life hereinafter, so that it may be practiced to strengthen the moral attitudes and beleieves of the Muslim society as well as the human behavior in their life.

Effect of Allelopathic Bacteria on the Growth and Yield of Wheat Triticum Aestivum L.

Weeds growth in crops causes more economic losses to crops than any other pest. The conventional control methods have given rise to serious issues of environment and human health. The importance of development of alternative techniques based on biological approaches has increased. In the present study, allelopathic bacteria were evaluated for suppression of weeds associated with wheat. A large collection of rhizobacteria was obtained from the rhizosphere of wheat and its associated weeds (wild oat, little seed canary grass, broad leaved dock, common lambs’ quarter and field bindweed) which were in turn sampled from chronically infested wheat fields. These rhizobacterial strains were screened through in vitro bioassays based on production of phytotoxic metabolites i.e., HCN production, E. coli antimetabolite assay and lettuce seedling bioassay. Eighty nine of 393 rhizobacterial strains were found to be cyanogenic. Nineteen of the 89 cyanogenic strains inhibited the growth of sensitive E. coli strain K12 due to antibiosis. These 19 strains were applied to lettuce in agar bioassay on Petri plates. Growth of lettuce seedlings was inhibited by 6 strains, 5 significantly increased while 8 strains did not affect the growth of lettuce seedlings. These 19 strains were applied to wheat and 4 weeds (wild oat, little seed canary grass, broad leaved dock and common lambs’ quarter) in similar agar bioassay. Results indicated non-selective inhibition of all the weeds and wheat due to inoculation with 2 strains. Three strains selectively inhibited the germination and growth of weeds but also suppressed wheat. Three strains selectively inhibited weeds and remained non-inhibitory to wheat. However, 9 strains selectively inhibited weeds and promoted the growth of wheat. Ten strains from the later 2 groups were re-tested on 3 weeds and wheat under axenic conditions in growth room. Twenty five days old plants were measured for different growth parameters. The applied strains caused inhibition of germination and dry matter of wild oat from 15.2 to 63.3 and 12.4 to 65%, little seed canary grass from 18.5 to 58.7 and 22.8 to 81.4% and broad leaved dock from 18.4 to 60.5 and 21.7 to 71.3% than their controls, respectively. Four of these strains improved the growth of wheat while others remained non-inhibitory. Five strains from the previous study (T42, L9, 7O₀, O₀10 and W9) were selected to study effects of allelopathic bacteria on 3 weeds (wild oat, little seed canary grass and broad leaved dock) grown in wheat and infested wheat in pot and field trials. Infestation of wild oat caused reduction in grain yield of wheat up to 60.8% than weed free control. Suppression of wild oat by strain T42, L9, 7O₀, O₀10 and W9 controlled the loss in grain yield of infested wheat up to 60.0, 73.6, 35.8, 22.0 and 49.7%, respectively. Infestation of little seed canary grass caused loss in grain yield of infested wheat up to 59.9% than weed free control. Suppression of this weed by strain T42, L9, 7O₀ and O₀10 recovered the loss in grain yield of infested wheat up to 20.1, 55.0, 66.9 and 59.0%, respectively. Infestation of broad leaved dock caused loss in grain yield of infested wheat up to 55.8% than weed free control. Suppression of this weed by strain T42, L9, 7O₀ and W9 controlled the loss in grain yield of infested wheat up to 45.2, 53.9, 46.3 and 68.0%, respectively. These effects of allelopathic bacteria were also evident from other growth, yield and physiological parameters of weeds and infested wheat. Infestation of weeds caused loss in grain yield of infested wheat up to 54.1, 53.9 and 56.3% than weed free control, respectively. In field trial I, suppression of broad leaved dock and common lambs’ quarter controlled the loss of grain yield of infested wheat up to 38.3, 64.0, 51.0 and 62.9% due to inoculation with strain T42, L9, 7O₀ and W9, respectively. Suppression of little seed canary grass in field trial II controlled the loss in grain yield of infested wheat up to 34.3, 55.1, 64.3 and 57.2% due to inoculation with strain T42, L9, 7O₀ and O₀10, respectively. In field trial III, suppression of wild oat and little seed canary grass controlled the loss in grain yield of infested wheat up to 47.9, 60.7, 53.7, 29.0 and 36.6% due to inoculation with strain T42, L9, 7O₀, O₀10 and W9, respectively. These effects of allelopathic bacteria were also evident from other growth, yield and physiological parameters of weeds and infested wheat. Under weed free conditions, these strains remained noninhibitory to wheat. Instead, inoculation with strain L9 and 7O₀ significantly improved the growth and yield of wheat. Microbiological and biochemical characterization of these strains also revealed the possession of molecular characteristics of weed suppression and plant growth promotion, and identified as Pseudomonads. This research suggests utilization of allelopathic bacteria to control weed infestations in wheat and avoid harmful effects of other weed control techniques on human health and environment.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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