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مولانامسعود عالم ندوی

مولانا مسعود عالم ندوی
ابھی حضرت الاستاذ رحمہ اﷲ کا غم نہ بھولا تھا کہ ندوہ کے ایک نامور فرزند مولانا مسعود عالم ندوی کا ماتم گسار ہونا پڑا، مرحوم نے چند گھنٹوں کی علالت کے بعد ۱۶؍ مارچ کو کراچی میں وفات پائی، وہ ندوہ کے اس دور کی بہترین پیداوار تھے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ نے ان کو بڑی صلاحیتیں عطا فرمائی تھیں، عربی کے ممتاز ادیب و انشاء پر داز تھے انگریزی سے بقدر ضرورت واقفیت اور اردو کا ستھرا مذاق رکھتے تھے ان کے مضامین مصر و شام کے اخبارت و رسائل میں شائع ہوتے تھے، اور اہل زبان ادیبوں سے خراج تحسین حاصل کرتے تھے، ابتداء میں ندوہ میں ادب کے مدرس تھے، اسی زبان میں انھوں نے حضرت الاستاذؒ کی نگرانی میں عربی کا ایک رسالہ الضیاء نکالا تھا، جو چند سال نکلنے کے بعد بند ہوگیا، اس کے بعد اورنٹیل پبلک لائبریری پٹنہ میں فہرست نگار ہوگئے اور انگریزی میں عربی کے متفرق محظوطات کی فہرست کی ایک جلد مرتب کی جو چھپ کر شائع ہوگئی ہے۔
ان میں مسلمانوں کی دینی اصلاح کا جذبہ شروع سے تھا اور وہ وقتاً فوقتاً اصلاحی مضامین لکھتے رہتے تھے اس سلسلے میں شیخ محمد بن عبدولوہاب نجدی پر معارف میں ایک طویل مضمون لکھا تھا جو بعد میں ترمیم و اضافہ کے بعد کتابی صورت میں شائع ہوا، اسی جذبہ کے ماتحت وہ جماعت اسلامی میں شامل ہوگئے اور پاکستان ہجرت کر گئے تھے اس کے وہ بڑے سرگرم کارکن تھے، ان کی شرکت سے اس تحریک کو بڑا فائدہ پہنچا اس کو مضامین کے ذریعہ اسلامی ملکوں میں روشناس کرایا اس کی تبلیغ و اشاعت کے لیے عراق و شام کا سفر کیا اس کی متعدد اہم کتابوں کا عربی میں ترجمہ کیا ابھی حال میں ہندوستان میں اسلامی دعوت کی تاریخ اور...

The Musharraf Formula (Back Channel Formula) and the Resolution of the Kashmir Conflict

The Musharraf formula refers to the resolution formula of the Kashmir conflict which was reportedly agreed upon during the one-to-one backchannel dialogue between Mr. Tariq Aziz, the former civil servant and close aide of the then President of Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf and Mr. Satinder Lambah, a special envoy of the Prime Minister of India. We now know some of the details of this formula from the article of the American journalist, Steve Coll which he had published in New Yorker in March 2009 and the book of Mr. Khursheed Mahmud Kasuri, Neither a Hawk, Now a Dove which was published in 2015. Prior to this Mr. Musharraf and Mr. Kasuri had already claimed in their TV interviews and press talks that by March 2007 India and Pakistan were very close to resolving the Kashmir conflict. This paper takes the details of that non-paper agreement and tries to study what exactly that agreement holds for the future resolution of the Kashmir conflict. The basic understanding is whenever the Pakistani and the Indian governments will take up the negotiations on the Kashmir conflict in future, this agreement is bound to come up in the talks as a starting reference point. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully look at this agreement and discuss what it entails for the resolution of the Kashmir conflict.

Marine Sponges: Ecology, Associated Communities and Biochemical Assessment, Inhabiting Mangrove of Sandspit Backwater, Karachi Coast

Mangroves are salt tolerant coastal vegetation that inhabits tropical and sub-tropical regions and consider as one of the most productive ecosystem of the world. About 95% of Avicennia marina is distributed along the Indus delta at South west of Karachi. They provide a distinct habitat for sheltering and nourishing wide variety of fauna and flora. Among benthic fauna, largely diversified communities of marine sponges have found but taxonomically no data has recorded from Pakistan. Liosina paradoxa (family Dictyonellidae) is the dominant sponge species found on pneumatophores of A. marina. This species is systematically identified and widely distributed at Sandspit backwater mangroves, Karachi coast. Other marine sponge species, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) fibrosa and Haliclona (Soestella) hornelli belonged to order Haplosclerida has also taxonomically recognized and first recorded from Churna Island and Buleji rocky ledges, respectively. The growth rate and abundance of dominating mangrove sponge L. paradoxa was showing highest growth rate in July in TR4 and maximum abundance was observed in TR3. The sponge volume was observed maximum in July (127.53 – 313.87 cm3) and minimum in December (6.24 – 24.48 cm3) in all four transects. During study, physicochemical parameters such as temperature was ranged between 19 - 32 °C, salinity was 35 – 41 PSU, dissolved oxygen was 0.11 – 3.44 mg L-1 and pH was 7.04 to 7.69. In addition to nutrients, NO3- concentration was maximum in June (5.64 µg L-1), NO2- and NH4+ concentrations were high in February (0.28 and 7.50 µg L-1, respectively) and the concentration of PO4-3 was maximum in April (2.95 µg L-1). Growth and abundance of sponge showed positive correlation with temperature, oxygen, pH, nitrite and ammonium ions. Among the flora, diatoms (90%) were the dominant group associated with L. paradoxa. Including the fauna, Foraminifera has showed maximum diversity (42%) in TR2 during monsoon season. Nematoda (41%) were the most dominant sponge associated community followed by Crustacea (38%) and Polychaeta (20%). For the identification of secondary metabolites, sponge (L. paradoxa) sample were soaked in four different solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and methanol). Eleven compounds were identified through GCMS and structure elucidation from their methyl ester derivatives which mostly result as fatty acids. The data obtained from the present study provides the information regarding systematic distribution, growth, abundance and associated communities of marine sponge L. paradoxa along the coastal region of Karachi.
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