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محمد نعمت اللہ ارشد گھمن
ادب انسانی زندگی کی عکاسی کرتا ہے۔ ہر انسان کی پہچان معاشرے سے ہوتی ہے اس لیے ادب اور معاشرہ باہم لازم و ملزوم ہیں۔اردو زبان کی تاریخ زیادہ قدیم نہیں ہے۔ تخلیق کارانسانی زندگی کے فہم کا دوسرا نام ہے اسی طرح نقاد تخلیق کاروں کی الجھی ہوئی گتھیاں سلجھاتا ہے۔وقت گزرنے کے ساتھ ساتھ اردو شاعری کے علاوہ اردو نثر کے دائرے بھی وسیع تر ہوتے جا رہے ہیں۔پاکستان بھرکی جامعات میں ایم فل اردو اسکالرز کے لیے سب سے بڑا مسئلہ ان متنوع موضوعات کے حوالے سے مواد کا حصول ہے اور ان کا بہت زیادہ وقت اسی میں ضائع ہوجاتا ہے۔اسی بات کو مدنظر رکھتے ہوئے اس کتاب کو پایہ تکمیل تک پہنچایا گیا ہے۔ ایم فل اردو کے مباحث پر اس سے پہلے کوئی کتاب میری نظر سے نہیں گزری اسی وجہ سے غالب امکان ہے کہ تحقیق کے طلبا کے لیے یہ کتاب آب حیات سے کم نہیں ہوگی۔
اس کتاب کی تیاری میں مجھے اپنے اساتذہ ڈاکٹر مشتاق عادل، ڈاکٹر محمد یوسف اعوان، ڈاکٹر محمد عامر اقبال، ڈاکٹر یاسمین کوثر،ڈاکٹر عبدالستار نیازی،ڈاکٹر قیصر آفتاب، ڈاکٹر عظیم اللہ جندران، میڈم ماریہ بلال کے علاوہ ہم جماعت صائمہ اختر کی بھرپور معاونت اور تعاون شامل حال رہا۔میں سب سے زیادہ اپنی شریک سفر کا ممنون ہوں جنہوں نے میرے تحقیقی اور تخلیقی سفر میں ہمیشہ آسانیاں پیدا کیں۔کوئی بھی بات یا تحریر حتمی نہیں ہوتی، اس کی بہتری کے دروازے ہمیشہ کھلے رہتے ہیں۔ قارئین کی آرا اور ناقدین کے مثبت تبصروں سے اس کتاب کا آئندہ ایڈیشن بہتر انداز میں سامنے آ سکے گا۔
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FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME AMONG PATIENTS WITH ARTHROSCOPIC ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION WITH ENDO-BUTTON AT GHURKI TRUST TEACHING HOSPITAL POST 6 MONTHS-A SINGLE CENTERED SURVEY

Background of the Study: To assess the functional outcome among patients with arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with endo-button at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital post 6 months. Methodology: A single centered survey was conducted on 67 patients with arthroscopic AC Ligament reconstruction using Hamstring auto-graft (Semitendinosus-Gracilis tendons) after 6 months and evaluated for functional outcome. The data was collected from Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital. The sampling procedure utilized was non-probability sampling. Functional outcome was assessed using subjective form of IKDC score. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Out of 67 patients, all were male. The pre-operative subjective IKDC scoring was less than 30 and post-operative mean IKDC scoring is 73.92. On the basis of findings of study, significant improvement was observed after ACL reconstruction post 6 months. Conclusion: ACL reconstruction shows significant improvement in knee function and significant recovery of preoperative functional status.

Networking of Professional Development Teachers Pdt : Processes, Successes and Challenges

‘’An abstract can offer a valuable opportunity to inform a wide audience, to capture potential readers, and to expand your own interactive professional network. Whether others will pursue their reading may depend largely on their assessment of your abstract’’. (Wolcott, 1990 cited in Silverman, 2000; p. 223). Professional Development Teachers (PDTs) have a demanding role in their respective education systems and their role perception in general is not confined to only a practicing classroom teacher but more than that. This study seeks to explore as how PDTs, in a semi-private education system, came to work together to benefit their own system schools from their expertise and learning from the graduate programme at AKU-IED. The study looks into the processes, successes and challenges of a team effort or network structure of the PDTs in a semi-private education system. The significant purpose of this network is building capacity and facilitating the process of teaching and learning in the system schools. The study will delve into how this effort leads to school improvement and what were the facilitating factors and challenges of this teamwork structure. Literature from the perspective of network structure, professional development and school improvement provides a theoretical framework. The study aims to investigate and capture the reactions of the research participants in their natural setting. To conduct this study a semi-private education system was identified where the PDTs were found working together. Research data is collected by means of interviews, observations, shadowing (non-participatory observations) and document analysis. The result of the systematic data collection and analysis enabled the researcher to derive the themes, which describe the network process. The themes contributed to and link with some theory enabling conclusions to be drawn from the research. Finally the implications of the study are discussed together with recommendations and suggestions. Working together is a facilitative approach as well as a challenging task and there is a need to set some common vision that leads to some purposive structure formation. To realize the vision, identifying the potential group of people and designing a progress plan are important factors along with the basic requirements of resources, opportunities and rewards/incentives.
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