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عورت اور مصری تہذیب

عورت اور مصری تہذیب

قدیم مصری تہذیب میں اکثر و بیشتر بادشاہ اپنی بہن سے شادی کرتا حتیٰ کہ بیٹی سے بھی شادی رچائی جاتی تھی ۔اس کے لیے تاویل یہ پیش کی جاتی کہ شاہی خون خالص رہے۔ فرعونی دور کی تحریروں کو جب ڈی کوڈ کیا گیا تو معلوم ہو ا کہ مصری شاعری میں لفظ بھائی بہن محبوب اور محبوبہ کے معنوںمیں بھی استعمال ہوتا تھا ۔بادشاہوں کے حرموں میں بہنوں کے علاوہ سینکڑوں کنیزیں رکھنے کا شوق اپنی جگہ مگر متوسط آمدنی والے مصر کے عام لوگ یک زوجگی پر قانع رہتے تھے ۔خانگی زندگی بدیہی طور پر بڑی حد تک بہتر تھی۔عورت کو طلاق دینا آسان نہ تھا ۔عقد میں آنے والی عورت کو جائیداد میں اچھا خاصا حصہ ملتا۔ایک مغربی مفکر کا قول ہے کہ کسی بھی قدیم یا جدید تہذیب نے عورت کو وہ بلند قانونی رتبہ نہیں دیا جتنا وادی ِ نیل کے باشندوں نے دیا۔ اپنی تند خو (سقراطی) بیویوں کو گھر میں بند رکھنے کے عادی یونانی سیاح یہ آزادی دیکھ کر ششدر رہ جاتے ۔ فرعونی دور کے ادب میں عورت کی حیثیت اور عظمت کے گُن گائے جاتے تھے۔ مصری عورت سے محبت ایک قومی فریضہ سمجھا جاتا تھا۔ مصری مرد کو صرف مصری عورت سے ہی قلبی اور جنسی وابستگی کی ترغیب دی جاتی۔ ایک مصری بزرگ اپنے سننے والوں کو سمجھاتے ہیں کہ’’ باہر سے آنے والی ایسی عورتوں سے ہوشیار رہو ۔یہ گہرے پانیوں کے بھنور کی مانند ہوتی ہیں‘‘۔اسی طرح ایک مصری اپنے بیٹے کو نصیحت کرتے ہوئے لکھتا ہے کہ’’اگر تم نے اپنا گھر کامیابی کے ساتھ سجا سنوار لیا ہے اور خوب صورت ترین بیوی تمھاری آغوش میں ہے تو اس کا پیٹ بھرو اور کمر پر کپڑا ڈالو۔اس کی خوشی کا سامان مہیا کرو کیوں...

برصغیر کی نادر فارسی تفسیر تبجیل التنزیل (جزء سورۃ الفاتحہ) کا تحقیقی مطالعہ

The intellectual heritage in British–India includes literature of Christian missionaries which focusses missionary perspective and the literature of Muslim missionary in response. In this Case, literature based on polemic method from both sides has become quite important. Specialists of Muslim Christian relations and religious students should be aware of debates of this ere. The criticism on Quran seems quite abundance on social media from opponents and enemies as well as their efforts are quite evident on minds of habitual valiance to precariousness and skepticism. That’s why, the preacher and student of Islamic religion should bring in light the effort being made by Muslim scholars in response to their claims. One of selected flowers in the caravan of Muslim scholars is Abu Mansoor Dehlvi (1902 AD). Tabjil al Tanzil is one of the prominent Quranic Interpretation which focuses on the replies to objections raised against Islam and Quran by Christians in Sub continent. In this paper, author tried to find out this un-published interpretation (as it is supposed) and analyzed its first part containing on surah al fatiha (manuscript). In the result, he finds that polemic method is prevailed. And objections against Islam has been silently condemned.

Nutritional Potentials of Moringa Oleifera As Avian Feed

The feasibility of using Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) as an ingredient in basic diets fed to commercial egg laying and meat purpose strains had been investigated. Different experiments with successive increase of MOLM in feed were conducted to evaluate the potentials of this diet on selected birds. Adequate group of meat purpose and laying birds were assigned to five dietary treatments and the diets were comprised of various MOLM combinations. Diet 1 (T1), which was designated to serve as the control diet and contained basic meal as the main feed source with no MOLM. In addition to other ingredients, Diet-2 designated as T2; Diet-3 as T3; Diet-4 as T4 and Diet-5 as T5 contained MOLM at the rate of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively. For data collection, different growth enhancement and egg laying parameters were studied. In each pen, 20-25% more feed by weight was provided to cover the dietary losses during feed intake. Data were collected on daily and weekly basis and analyzed by using CRD statistical design. In all experiments, birds in T2 (5% MOLM) and T3 (10% MOLM) fed on Moringa based diet performed significantly (P < 0.05) better than the birds of the control T1 group in terms of higher feed intake. This result also suggests that the addition of MOLM at levels up to 10% does not negatively affect the feed intake. In egg laying birds, laying percentage significantly increased in birds fed on 5% (T1) and 10% (T2) MOLM. The layer birds in T2 and T3 also excelled (P<0.05) in terms of egg mass production, albumen proportion, Roche colour fan score, egg shape index and egg shell percentage as compared to control treatment while birds in T4 and T5 fed on 15 and 20% MOLM diets performed significantly better in terms of shell thickness and Roche colour fan band number and got higher numerical mean values of yolk index percentage among all treatments. The FCR values of layer birds in T2 and T3 for egg production were significantly better than control which was a desirable trait that’s why egg laying birds grouped under T2 and T3 performed economically and significantly better and generated more profit than all other treatment groups. Data regarded to haematological indices of layer birds showed that there was no statistical difference (P>0.05) in mean values of Eosinophils, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Blood glucose, Serum albumen and Serum globulin ratios while addition of MOLM in diets of layer birds significantly (P<0.05) effected mean values of RBC, WBC, Haemoglobin, Total protein, A/G ratio, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDLC, LDLC and VLDL concentrations. In case of broiler birds there was no statistical difference in mean values of Eosinophils, Lymphocyte and Monocyte Blood glucose, Total protein, Serum albumen, Serum globulin and A/G ratio while addition of MOLM in diets of layer birds significantly affected mean values of RBC, WBC, Haemoglobin, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDLC and LDLC. In other experiments performed on meat purpose bird it was found that the birds in T2 and T3 treatment group recorded the highest final body weights followed by other treatments. The FCR values of meat purpose birds (broiler and quail) were significantly better in T2 and T3. Addition of MOLM in diets of birds significantly reduced per Kg feed cost and increased (P<0.05) net profit. There was non-significant effect of MOLM inclusion in diets birds on CP, CF and ME of diets in all experiment but the values of crude protein, crude fat and moisture contents (%) in thigh meat were significantly affected by addition of MOLM in diets of layer and broiler birds. It was concluded that MOLM should be incorporated in diets of egg laying and meat purpose avian strains up to 5-10% for accelerating egg and meat production and for generating more profit from flocks. There are not any ill effects of MOLM at any inclusion level, higher levels only reduces performance of chicken birds in terms of growth parameters.
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