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۱-حروف استفہام
۱-حروف استفہام
وہ حروف جو سوال کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتے ہیں یہ دو ہیں:ھل اور ھمزہ
قرآن حکیم میں متعدد مقامات پر وہ مستعمل ہیں مثلاً
" أَأَمِنتُمْ مَّن فِى ٱلسَّمَآءِ أَن يَخْسِفَ بِكُمُ ٱلأَرْضَ فَإِذَا هِىَ تَمُورُ " [[1]]
"کیا تم آسمان والے (رب) سے بے خوف ہو گئے ہو کہ وہ تم پر پتھر برسانے والی ہوا بھیج دے"۔
" هَلْ فِى ذٰلِكَ قَسَمٌ لِّذِى حِجْرٍ "[[2]]
"کیا اِس میں کسی صاحب عقل کے لیے کوئی قسم ہے؟"۔
اسلامی ریاست میں قومی قیادت کے اصول
To serve humanity and nation leadership is a noble and glorious position. Sensible, talented, honest and true leadership not only works honestly with dedication and commitment in solving internal and external challenges, but also plays a key role in the development of peace and prosperity in society. Due to the lack of spirit and training of the people, especially of the younger generation, these incompetent leaders succeed in befooling many people and it transferred from generation to generation, in order to change this scenario, education and training of the young generation is urgently needed. True spirit of leadershipcan be promoted by creating sincerity, awareness in students in the light of Islamic teachings. This article focuses on the Islamic attributes of leadership through which a person can have opportunities to transform social system by bringing reforms and development in social system to perform the duties by guiding and governing people with the noble aim to serve humanity according to modern requirements in the light of the teachings of holy Prophet.Parliamentary Democracy in Pakistan: 1988-1999
The dissertation entitled “Parliamentary Democracy in Pakistan 1988-1999” presents a comprehensive account of four elected governments during the period 1988 and 1999 - a period of topical significance sand-witched between two long military rules (Zia: 1977- 88 and Musharraf: 1999-2008). The emphasis of the study is on uncovering the factors that created bottlenecks in the democratic process and premature dissolution of the elected governments. The focus is on working relationship between elected and nonelected institutions as well as on functioning of the elected institutions. The elected institutions variables include the Parliament, Provincial Assemblies, Local Bodies and Federal/Provincial Governments. The non-elected institutions variables comprise Media, Caretaker Governments, Military, Bureaucracy and Judiciary. It also takes into account human rights, law and order situation and executive-judiciary relationship. Besides introduction and conclusion, the thesis includes five chapters. The first chapter is a brief review of the political history of Pakistan during the period 1947-1988. It is intended to provide background framework to facilitate discussion and analysis of the theme of the thesis, namely, uncovering the factors that impeded the functioning of the elected governments during 1988-1999. This eleven year period is covered under four chapters; each coinciding with elections, and formulation and dissolution of Assemblies and governments (i.e., 1988-90; 1990-93; 1993-96; and 1996-99).The chapters provide details of political trends; power game; and factors that led to frequent derailment of democratic process. Besides published material, interviews of some important politicians and civilmilitary bureaucrats are used to gain first hand knowledge as also to understand and analyse the issues. This is not only intended to obtain information but also to seek ideas and suggestions for ensuring sustained and effective working of parliamentary democracy in the country.Journals by Discipline
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