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شادی سے متعلق روایات

شادی سے متعلق روایات
(۱) طبرانی نے عبداللہؓ بن عباسؓ سے روایت کی کہ حضرت خدیجہؓ کے والد آنحضرت ﷺ کے ساتھ نکاح کرنا نہیں چاہتے تھے حضرت خدیجہؓ نے کھانا پکایا اور اپنے باپ اور قریش کے چند لوگوں کو بلایا۔ سب لوگوں نے کھانا کھایا اور شراب پی یہاں تک کہ خویلد کو نشہ چڑھ گیا اس وقت خدیجہؓ نے اپنے باپ سے کہا ! میری شادی آنحضرت ﷺسے کر دیں چنانچہ ان کی شادی آنحضرت ﷺ سے کر دی خدیجہؓ نے اپنے باپ کو خلوق لگائی اور انہیں نیا جوڑا پہنایا ۔ اس وقت یہ رواج تھا چنانچہ جب باپ کا نشہ اترا تو اس نے نیاجوڑا اور خلوق لگی دیکھی تو دریافت کیا کہ میرا یہ حال کیسا ہے ؟ خدیجہ نے کہا کہ میری شادی محمدؐ بن عبداللہؓ سے ہو گئی ہے ‘ باپ نے کہا ! میں ایک یتیم سے تمھاری شادی نہیں کروں گا ‘ اللہ کی قسم ایسا ہرگز نہیں ہو گا ۔ خدیجہ نے اپنے باپ سے کہا کہ آپ قریش کے سامنے یہ کہیں گے کہ میں نشہ میں تھا اور میں نے اپنی بیٹی کی شادی کر دی ۔ چنانچہ خدیجہؓ کے باپ نے جب یہ بات سنی تو راضی ہو گئے ۔ (سیرت خدیجۃ الکبری ٰ از محمد حسیب القادری ۔۲۷۔۲۶)
(۲) ایک اور روایت : حضرت عمار ؓبن یاسر فرماتے ہیں ‘ میں سب سے زیادہ جانتا ہوں ‘ حضورﷺ کے خدیجہؓ سے بیان کے بارے میں کیونکہ میں حضور کا ہم عمر تھا اور میں آپ کا دوست اور پیارا تھا ۔ میں رسول اللہ ﷺ کے ساتھ ایک دن باہر نکلا اور ہم بازار حزورہ میں پہنچ گئے ۔ ہمارا گزر سیدہ خدؓیجہ کی بہن کے پاس سے ہوا ‘ وہ ایک بچھونے پر بیٹھی تھی جس کو وہ فروخت کرنا...

تفسیر‘‘محاسن التاویل’’ میں جلال الدین قاسمی کے منہج کا تحقیقی مطالعہ

Brought up in the context of a very critical time of Islamic history, Imām Muḥammad Jalāl’uddīn Qāsimī (1866-1914) played a vital role to reform and purify the ongoing mindset of the Muslims in Syria in his time. He was a man believed in an independent thinking in the light of the Qur’ān and Sunnah. He taught the people to get rid of the backwardness and blind imitation (Taqlīd). For this purpose of his, he presented the works of the previous leading Islamic Scholars as they were. He was expert in various fields of knowledge like Qur’ān, Ḥadīth and their Sciences, Jurisprudence, Dialectic, etc. One of his masterpieces is his exegesis known as “Maḥāsin al-Tāwīl”. It is a great exegetical work; as most of the exegetical aspects are entertained in it. It has nine or seventeen volumes according to its two different editions, including a whole volume of preamble containing eleven Rules of Quranic Sciences. Although the critics object to his copying the long paragraphs of the prominent Islamic Scholars without commenting or editing and on his long discussions that deviate the reader from the actual purpose of the Holy Qur’ān, but to present the material in this way for the purpose of reformations of Muslims and to bring them back to the way of Salaf through their words, in that crucial time, justifies the significance of the work. In this article, the author probes to present the mythology adopted by Imām Qāsimī in his exegesis and its scholarly merits.

Development and Evaluation of Niosomal Formulations Containing Immunosuppressant Drug

In current era of controlled release drug products and targeted drug delivery, niosomes are novel formulations of enormous significance. Niosomes provide greater formulation adaptability, more prominent physical cohesion and chemical perseverance. Niosomes can entrap lipophilic drugs and drugs of hydrophilic nature. Furthermore they augment the solubility of less soluble drugs in water, along with prolonged release effect. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant drug of exceptional importance, and is adopted as model drug. This drug has a low therapeutic index, and it has many toxic effects. After oral administration its bioavailability is variable due to poor absorption. So prime goal of this research was to formulate niosomal vesicles of cyclosporine A, to enhance its solubility and sustained release effect, consequently enhancing its bioavailability. Thin film hydration method was used for the preparation niosomes. Eleven niosomal formulations were successfully prepared. Nonionic surfactants and cholesterol was used in formulations.To determine the average drug content of CsA, HPLC method was used. This method was also validated as per protocols of ICH and used in determination of entrapment efficiency, in vitro and in vivo studies. The size range of niosomal formulations were from 415 nm to 1049 nm. The polydispersity index and zeta potential was in range of 0.259 to 0.572 and 23.8 to 35.2 mV respectively. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the spherical shape of niosomes in finally selected niosomal formulation F10. In the formulations F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6 the formulation F2 exhibited the highest entrapment of 77.28%. In F2 the ratio of sorbitan monostearate and polysorbate 60 with cholesterol was 6:4. In formulations F7, F8, F9, F10 and F11, F10 achieved the maximum entrapment efficiency. In formulation F10 nonionic surfactants used were span 20 and brij 35 along with cholesterol in ratio (1:1). This formulation F10 exhibited maximum entrapment efficiency of 89.31%. No significant shift of peaks was found in ATR-FTIR analysis, which designates that there were no interactions.and CsA is compatible with niosomal components. DSC thermograms of niosomal formulations depicts that in niosomes the drug is amorphous in nature. Stability studies were conducted for three months, and it was found that niosomes were stable at 4°C and 25°C. But at refrigerated temperature 4-8 °C the amount of drug retained in niosomes was greater than at 25°C. In vitro drug release testing depicts improved dissolution along with controlled release behavior in all formulations (F 1 – F11).In vitro release studies at pH 1.2 and 7.4 showed that for all niosomal formulations the percentage release of drug was significantly greater as compared to drug aqueous dispersion. Formulation F10 having span 20 and brij 35 mixed surfactants, presented better dissolution and augmented sustain release rates in comparison with other formulations. Kinetic modeling of drug release of niosomal vesicles exhibited that they follow zero order release. To calculate the release exponent (n) kinetic model of korsemeyer and peppas was used. It exhibited that drug transport mechanism is anomalous. For in-vivo studies selected optimized niosomal formulations F2 and F10 were figure out. As a control CsA aqueous dispersion was used. PK Solver software was used for analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters. The values of AUC 0-inf, Tmax and MRT 0-inf of niosomal formulations F10 and F2 were significantly greater than the CAD, confirming the sustained release and improved bioavailability of CsA. However, F10 formulation displayed greater AUC 0-t, Cmax and mean residence time as compared to F2, due to mixed surfactant system of span 20 and brij 35 used in F10 formulation along with cholesterol which improves the bioavailability and results in more sustain release effect of CsA. So it was found that niosomal formulations based on mixed surfactants, is effective delivery system for prolonged delivery of CsA along with improved oral bioavailability.
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