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کیفی ؔاعظمی

کیفیؔ اعظمی
مشہور و مقبول ترقی پسند اور اردو کے انقلابی شاعر جناب کیفی اعظمی ۱۰؍ مئی کو صبح ساڑھے چھ بجے ممبئی کے جس لوک اسپتال میں انتقال کرگئے جہاں سانس کی تکلیف کی وجہ سے دو ماہ پہلے داخل ہوئے تھے، ۱۱؍ مئی کو اندھیری ویسٹ کے چار بنگلہ قبرستان میں سپرد خاک کئے گئے۔
کیفی صاحب ۱۹۱۸؁ء میں اعظم گڑھ کی تحصیل پھول پور کے ایک گاؤں مجواں کے زمین دار شیعہ گھرانے میں پیدا ہوئے، ان کے والد جناب سید فتح حسین رضوی اودھ کی ریاست بلہرا میں تحصیل دار تھے۔ کیفی صاحب کا اصلی نام سید اطہر حسین رضوی تھا، یہ سات بھائی بہن تھے، بڑے بھائیوں نے انگریزی تعلیم حاصل کی تھی، ان کو ان کے والد بزرگوار نے عربی تعلیم دلانے کے لیے فرقہ شیعہ کی مشہور درس گاہ سلطان المدارس لکھنو میں داخل کرایا مگر ان کا جی یہاں نہیں لگا، غالباً مدرسے کی سخت گیری اور مذہبی شدت پسندی سے گھبرا کر انہوں نے تعلیم ہی نہیں چھوڑی بلکہ مذہب سے بھی برگشتہ ہوگئے، اور غالباً آخر تک رہے، تاہم مدرسہ کی تعلیم کو خیر باد کہنے کے باوجود انہوں نے لکھنو اور الٰہ آباد کی یونیورسٹیوں سے مشرقی امتحانات دیئے اور اپنی ذاتی محنت و مطالعہ سے اپنی استعداد بڑھائی، اردو فارسی کے علاوہ غالباً وہ عربی، ہندی اور سنسکرت سے بھی واقف تھے۔
کیفی اعظمی کا طرۂ امتیاز ان کی شاعری ہے جس کو اس کے مخصوص لب و لہجہ ، باغیانہ تیور اور انقلابی افکار و خیالات کی بنا پر بہت پسند کیا گیا، ان کے گھر میں پہلے ہی سے شعر و سخن کا چرچا تھا، اردو ہی نہیں فارسی کا ذوق بھی عام تھا، ان کے تینوں بڑے بھائی بھی شاعری کا مذاق رکھتے تھے اور صاحب بیاض تھے، خاندانی کتب خانے...

Educational Stratification and Nation Building Process in Pakistan

Abstract Pakistan has celebrated seven decades of independence but misfortunately the nation is still divided into several ideologies, believes, ethnicities, regionalism, provincialism, political and social classes. Throughout the world, education plays a significant role in nation building but the terrible upshot in Pakistan is the division of nation in the field of education and learning. There are numerous umbrellas under which our educational system is running. Therefore, current study objects to measure educational stratification and its effect on nation building process in Pakistan. In this regard, this research mainly focuses on four major prevailing educational systems such as; privately managed schools, public schools, army public schools and madarsa (religious educational institution). Data were collected through focus group discussions and analyzed by applying grounded approach theory. Four major themes emerged after data examination. These are uniformity of curricular, equal opportunities, political and bureaucratic involvement and lack of moral education. Study finds that education system is badly lacking in uniform ideology and moral learning. Furthermore, the poor system of education is negatively affecting nation building in Pakistan by enhancing public distrust, discrimination and regionalism. The results of the present study may be helpful in finding the way for uniform educational system which provide learning opportunities to every child without thinking of their caste, religion, language, economic class, political affiliation and ethnicity.

Improving Teaching of Paragraph Writing Through Participatory Action Research

The purpose of this Participatory Action Research (PAR) study was to improve the teaching of paragraph writing in an English language class by involving the students in a systematic process of writing paragraphs, using the process writing approach by white & Arndt, 1991. The PAR study was conducted in a lower secondary class at a community based Engtish medium school, where English is taught as a second language (ESL).The methods of PAR happened in the four moments of Action Research (AR), namely; reflection, planning, action and observation adopted from the Spiral model of AR by Kemmis, Mc Taggart and Rettalick (2004). This AR model provided an experience and autonomy of constantly evaluating the teaching strategies and their implementation in the class. The data of the study was collected through classroom teaching sessions, observations, field notes and document analysis to obtain empirical evidences of the existing practices and insights. Moreover, focused group semi-structwed interviews with the students helped in the data generation. Also, a reflective journal was maintained throughout the study to acquire a rich vignette of the research study. The findings processed through data analysis by arranging the data systematically and breaking it into units through coding, in order to make meaning out of the data. The findings revealed that the teaching of paragraph writing was re-conceptualized and applied from the product writing approach to the process writing approach. Moreover, it emerged from the findings that feedback and evaluation acted as a cornerstone in teaching paragraph writing to the students. This study will be an addition to repertoire of knowledge generated by previous researchers and will be beneficial for all contexts, students, teachers and stakeholders who are associated to English writing especially as a Second language (ESL) or a Foreign language (EFL) across the globe
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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