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اطہرؔ صدیقی

اطہرؔ صدیقی(۱۹۳۵ء۔پ) کا اصل نام محمدیسیٰن صدیقی اور اطہرؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ آپ چوہان حال برہان پور تحصیل پسرور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ معروف شاعر پروفیسر حفیظ صدیقی کے بھائی تھے۔ حفیظ صدیقی کی راہنمائی میں اطہر نے زمانہ طالب علمی میں شاعری کا آغاز کیا تو ان کا کلام ملک کے معروف ادبی رسائل و جرائد میں شائع ہونے لگا۔(۹۱۶)

اطہرؔ کا پہلا شعری مجموعہ’’ کاکل غم‘‘ غزلوں اور نظموں پر مشتمل ہے جو۱۹۸۷ء میں شائع ہوا۔دوسرامجموعہ کلام’’ذوق سفر‘‘ کے نام سے ۱۹۸۹ء میں صدیقی پبلی کیشنز لاہور سے طبع ہوا۔ یہ مجموعہ غزلیات پر مشتمل ہے۔ تیسرا شعری مجموعہ’’آبرؤے غم‘‘۱۹۹۰ء میں صدیقی پبلی کیشنز لاہور سے شائع ہوا۔ یہ مجموعہ بھی غزلیات پر مشتمل ہے۔ چوتھا شعری مجموعہ ’’گردِ مسافت‘‘غزلیات اور نظموں پر مشتمل ہے۔

اطہر ؔصدیقی کی شاعری کا بڑا موضوع عظمت انسان ہے ۔وہ اپنی شاعری میں حضور ؐ کی ذات اقدس کے شیدائی نظر آتے ہیں۔ ان کے نزدیک حضرت محمدؐ کی ہستی عظمت انسان کی علامت ہے۔ اور وہی مثالیِانسان کا نمونہ ہیں۔انھوں نے نعت میں ہی نہیں بلکہ اپنی نظم اور غزل میں بھی عظمتِ انسان کی حقیقت کا اظہار کیا ہے:

ذرے ذرے سے پوچھ دیکھا ہے

 

-دشت در دشت کون رہتا ہے

 

5کون رہتا ہے لا مکاں میں اب

 

3کس کی رعنائیوں کا چرچا ہے

(۹۱۷)

ƒاطہرؔ کی شاعری عزم و ہمت ،جوش ،جواں جذبوں ،جستجو اور بلند حوصلوں سے بھر پور شاعری ہے ۔وہ اپنی شاعری میں کہیں بھی پست ہمت نظر نہیں آتے۔ان کے ہاں جوش اور جذبات کی شدت قاری کے حوصلے کو بلند...

Perilaku Petani dalam Menghadapi Fluktuasi Harga Sawit Menurut Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah

The frequently fluctuating price of palm oil causes palm oil farmers in Tanjung Kudu, Kualu Village, to take action to overcome their family's economic problems as a result of prices fluctuating drastically. The aim of this research is to determine the behavior of oil palm farmers in facing price fluctuations and to determine the Islamic economics review of the behavior of oil palm farmers in facing price fluctuations in Tanjung Kudu, Kualu Village. This research is field research located in Tanjung Kudu, Kualu Village. The informants in this research were 10 oil palm farmers with the criteria being farmers who had a plantation area of more than 2 hectares and had worked for a minimum of 5 years. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis is descriptive qualitative. It was found that oil palm farmers carry out various kinds of behavior to increase family income, such as working side jobs, becoming farm laborers, construction workers, traders, and others. Some of the oil palm farmers' wives also help in increasing the family's income by opening small businesses such as opening a breakfast business, a daily shop business, and a laundry business. The behavior of oil palm farmers in facing price fluctuations applies the principle of honesty, always trying to earn a living, not being discouraged, never giving up, being responsible for family needs, and not being lazy in working.  

Exploring the Attempts of a Grade V Mathematics Teacher Towards Improvement in Mathematical Tasks Selection and Implementation for Developing Students Conceptual Understanding in a Private School of Karachi, Pakistan

Classroom experiences play a vital role in developing students' conceptual understanding of mathematics. Therefore, it is essential to engage students in such mathematical tasks in the classroom which provide students opportunities for reasoning, conjecturing, pattern seeking and generlizing in a collaborative learning environment. The National Curriculum of Mathematics (2006) also emphasizes the changing role of teachers from knowledge transformers to facilitators in the student-directed learning process and this cannot be achieved unless teachers are provided professional development to choose and design mathematical tasks for their students which promotes students mathematical reasoning and conceptual understanding. This study explored the ways through which a primary mathematics teacher brought improvement in her selection and implementation of mathematical tasks for developing students' mathematical understanding. The reported study used Collaborative Action Research which comprised four action research cycles using Lewin's model of Action Research that aimed to explore progress in the participant teacher's task selection and implementation. Data for the study were collected from a private school in Karachi Pakistan where I worked with one mathematics teacher for more than two months. Data collection tools included classroom observations, semi structured interviews, reflections/reflective sessions and students' sample work. The findings of the study demonstrated that the factors resulting in improvement of teacher's task selection and implementation includes the facilitation by the mentor teacher, enhancement in one's own content and pedagogies knowledge and development of a teacher's understanding of students' cognitive level. The findings of the study also revealed that the common factors influencing the selection of mathematics tasks comprised shortage of time, obligation of syllabus coverage, level of students' understanding, students' prior knowledge and teacher's belief about mathematics. This study also highlighted the residing factors influencing the implementation of rich mathematical task which include the nature of the selected task, its alignment with students' prior knowledge, amount of time provided to students and mainly the role of the teacher in implementing the tasks. Based on the findings, this study recommends that classroom teachers should be provided some autonomy to make modifications in the syllabus. Moreover, the school management should work for teachers' professional development by arranging in- service teacher training sessions for lifelong learning.
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