Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

خلاصة الكتاب

لقد تحدثتُ في ھذه الدراسة عن الأدب المقارن وبدایۃ الشعر الحر، وحقیقۃ الشعر الحر، وھل الشعر الحر نوعٌ من النثر؟ وھل کانت حرکۃ الشعر الحر قویۃ ام لا، ثم تحدثت عن بعض شعراء العصر الحديث، وإتفاق الشعراء حول نازک الملائکۃ، ومکانۃ نازک الملائکۃ بین الشاعرات (النساء) في عصرھا.

 ثم تحدثتُ عن الشعر الحديث في شبہ القارۃ الھندیۃ، وتکلمتُ عن الأدب النسائي، والشاعرات الباکستانیات في اللغات المختلفہ داخل باكستان، ثم الأدب النسائي في اللغۃ الأردیۃ، وأھم الشاعرات في اللغۃ الأردیۃ بعد قيام الباکستان، ثم الأدب النسائي والعھد الحاضر، وتکلمت عن الغزل و بروین شاکر، وأعطیتُ نبذۃ بسیطۃ عن بعض أشھر شعراء العصر الحديث، وعن دور النساء في الساحۃ الأدبیۃ والشعریۃ بصفۃ عامۃ، وعن دور نازک الملائکۃ وبروین شاکر بصفۃ خاصۃ، وأن لھما مکانتھما الخاصۃ في الساحۃ الأدبیۃ والشعریۃ، وأنھما مشترکتان في الأسلوب والرأي والأفکار والأحزان، وأنھما من مشجعي الشعر الحر، ولکنھما مختلفتان في اللغۃ والدُول والجنسیۃ والعمر والتجربۃ، وقد تناولتُ شخصیۃ نازک الملائکۃ منذ ولادتھا إلی وفاتھا، وأنھا تعتبر من أکبر شاعرات العرب في القرن العشرین، ولھا مکانۃ عظیمۃ في الساحۃ الأدبیۃ؛ حیث أنھا قامت بحرکۃ شعریۃ جدیدۃ (حرکۃ الشعر الحر)، وھي في نفس الوقت رائدۃ الشعر الحر، ثم تکلمتُ عن أسلوب کتابتھا، وأھم دواوینھا، وعن ممیزات أشعارھا، ثم تحدثت عن بدایۃ النظم عند نازک الملائکۃ، وإلی من تنسب ریادۃ الشعر الحر، ثم تکلمت عن الشاعرۃ المعروفۃ بروین شاکر منذ ولادتھا إلی وفاتھا، وأھم أعمالھا العلمیۃ والإجتماعیۃ والشعریۃ، وأھم دواوینھا والمجموعات الشعریۃ المعروفۃ لھا وأحزانھا وما إلى ذلك، وعن فکرتھا عن العشق وعالم الرجال ، ومکانتھا في الأدب الأردو، ثم تحدثتُ أخیراً عن الأشعار المتشابھۃ والمختلفۃ من قصائد نازك الملائکۃ وبروین شاکر، وھذا الجزء من الدراسة استغرق وقتاً أطول، وبذلتُ فیھا جھوداً أکبر، وذلك أنني قمتُ بترجمۃ بعض قصائد بروین شاکر، فشرحت ھذہ الأبیات، وشرحتُ قصائد نازك الملائکۃ بشکل مجمل بسیط مفھوم للقاريء ، ثم عقدتُ...

Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Performance: A Conceptual and Literature Review

Sustainable development is considered as or can be one of the ways in achievement, progress, and benefit for organizations. Organizations use and utilize this source to require a system on which they can rely upon and keeping in mind the end goal to recognize openings and associated risks and to make, realize, control, and upgrade the sustainable goals of corporations which to be both progressively viable (for themselves and the overall population) and increasingly productive in terms of monetary. Based on the content analysis and literature review, this paper review and proposed the conceptual framework on the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its effect on Organizational Performance of Pakistan’s retail banks. It is conceptual type of research which possesses four hypotheses, first Independent Variable is CSR and Four Dependent Variables such as, Organizational Performance (OP), Financial Performance (FP), Employee Commitment (OC) and Organizational Reputation (OR) and these are not proven in this research. This paper suggests that by initiating the practices of corporate social responsibility can improve the performance of the organization and also increase its financial position, commitment level of the employees and improve the overall reputation or the company. Different literature suggests that this research could be done with primary as well as secondary sources sometimes the researchers have used mixed form of methodologies, this study is based on secondary data using internet which is one of the powerful tools to generate the data. Researchers conclude and give some suggestions for the future research work with the discussion on previous literature review.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Some Locally Available Mushrooms in Chicken and Their Therapeutic Effects Against Coccidiosis

The present study reports the immunomodulatory effects hot water, methanolic and polysaccharide extracts of mushroom species including Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajor-caju and Lentinus edodes. Lymphoproliferative response to phytohaemagglutinin-p and antibody (total Ig, IgM and IgG) were used to detect cellular and humoral immune responses, respectively. Results of the study revealed significantly higher (P<0.05) lymphoproliferative responses in hot water, methanolic and polysaccharide extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajor-caju and Lentinus edodes relative to control. Antibody titers (total Ig, IgM and IgG) were higher in hot water, methanolic and polysaccharide extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajor-caju and Lentinus edodes relative to control. Weight gains of the chickens administered with hot water, methanolic and polysaccharide extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajor- caju and Lentinus edodes were significantly higher (P<0.05) relative to control. FCR of the experimental groups also showed lower values in comparison to control. After mixed species infection of Eimeria, maximum protection (60 per cent) was observed in polysaccharide extracts of Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus followed by methanolic extracts of Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus sajor-caju (55 per cent), hot water extract of Lentinus edodes (50 per cent), methanolic and polysaccharide extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus sajor-caju (45 per cent), hot water extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus sajor-caju (40 per cent), respectively. However, control groups in both experiments showed minimum per cent protection (15 and 20 per cent). Significantly lower (P<0.05) oocyst per gram of droppings (OPG) were noticed in experimental groups relative to control in both experiments. Experimental groups showed lower lesion scoring relative to control. Weight gains post infections were significantly higher (P<0.05) in experimental groups relative to control. Organ body weight ratios of the lymphoid organs were also observed but ratios obtained were statistically non- significant (P>0.05).
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.