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ظلمتِ روئے فلک مطلعِ انوار ہوئی


ظلمتِ روئے فلک مطلعِ انوار ہوئی
چھا گیا نورِ مبیںؐ آمدِ سرکار ہوئی

صدقۂ نورِ نبیؐ حضرتِ عبداللہؓ تک
نخلِ عدنان کی ہر شاخ ثمر بار ہوئی

تابِ خورشید نے کرنوں کا لبادہ اوڑھا
رُوئے مہتاب پہ رعنائی نمودار ہوئی

اُنؐ کے کردار نے جینے کے قرینے بخشے
’’اُنؐ کی آمد سے حیات اپنی ضیا بار ہوئی‘‘

اُس طرف چشمِ عنائت سے خدا نے دیکھا
ذاتِ محبوبِ خداؐ جس کی طرفدار ہوئی

جانِ عالمؐ کا سفر عالمِ بالا کی طرف
طائرِ وقت کی پرواز گرفتار ہوئی

ربِّ ھب لی کی دعاؤں کی بدولت عرفاں
کشتیٔ بارِ گنہ پل سے مری پار ہوئی

Global Economic Policy Response in Asean Welcomes Changes in Market Behavior Towards the New Normal

This article addresses the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate, normally used to determine how quickly economic growth has contracted in a region, i.e. Adverse growth. Thus, the Finance Ministers and the ASEAN Central Bank Governors have decided on a number of promises, including (1) that exceptional policy responses to resolve this pandemic would be washed away to restore economic activity. (2) to enhance the economic and financial monitoring efficiency of the area, and to promote readiness to act as an efficient financial safety net in the region and as an essential component of the global financial security net of the Chiang May Initiative Multilateralization (CMIM). (3) to facilitate greater intra-ASEAN exchange and investment by setting up eligible ASEAN banks (4) funding for local currency use programs for settlements, foreign investments and other operations between ASEAN countries, such as revenue and transfer transactions. (5) supports the advancement of partnership in the area of the funding of infrastructures, in the context of many recommendations to facilitate private investment growth, among other steps. (6) to promote initiatives to use digital financial services to enhance the financial inclusion of the area and to enhance cooperation on various cyber risk management material.

Use of Poor Quality Groundwater As a Source of Irrigation With Organic and Inorganic Amendments

Soil salinity problems in arid and semiarid areas are very common due to low rainfall, high evapotranspiration and poor water management. Among different factors for low agricultural production in developing countries like Pakistan, the foremost problem is to get sufficient water of good quality at desire place at right time. In Pakistan canal irrigation water available at watercourse head is very low than crops irrigation water requirements. Underground water is used as additional source of water to fulfill crop irrigation needs, while most of our tube well water is not fit for irrigation purpose. The application of such poor quality water deteriorates soil properties and ultimately decreased crop yields and quality. The ultimate objective should be to maximize the supply of irrigation water for agricultural production and the use of poor quality water will increased the area under cultivations. The poor quality water can be used with soil amendments to enhance crop productions and to maintain soil health. An alternative approach is to develop and select salt tolerant cultivar that can be grown successfully under poor quality water irrigation. Keeping above facts in view hydroponics culture and lysimeters experiments were conducted; (1) to determine salt tolerance of some newly approved and candidate cultivars of maize and wheat on the basis of gas exchange, growth and ionic attributes under saline and saline sodic solution culture; (2) to study the influence of organic manure and gypsum amendment on macro and micro-nutrients uptake in wheat grain and maize fodder under water induced salt stress; (3) to study the relationship of plant gas exchange attributes with plant ionic composition, water use efficiency and mineral nutrients uptake; (4) to evaluate the effect of irrigation water varying in EC and SAR on soil salt load, plant leaf stomatal conductance, photosynthetic and transpiration rates. The results depicted that wheat cultivars, SARC-1, V-07096, V-05082, SARC-7 and Pasban-90 showed less reduction in plant photosynthetic rate, dry biomass production, K+: Na+ and C2+: Na+ ratio than V-05003, V- 07076 and V-07194. While in maize cultivars the highest reduction in plant photosynthetic rate, K+: Na+ and plant dry biomass were recorded in Sadaf, FH-963, FH-722 and FH-793 and the minimal in Sahiwal-2002 and Afgoi. Salt tolerant cultivars uptake less Na+ which depicted that Na+ ion exclusion is positively correlated with salt tolerance and plant biomass production. Subsequently, growth and yield response of selected salt tolerant and sensitive 2 cultivars of maize and wheat crops were evaluated in soil culture. Farmyard manure and gypsum were incorporated in soil to investigate their mitigating effects on soil and crops under saline and saline sodic water treatments. Irrigation with saline-sodic water to maize and wheat crops revealed that salt tolerant cultivar, Sahiwal-2002 and V-07096 maintained lower Na+ concentration in leaf sap and higher K+, Ca2+ and K+: Na+ ratio as compared to salt sensitive cultivars, Sadaf and V-05003. From the results it is concluded that farmyard manure and gypsum application partially offset the harmful effects of poor quality water, improved maize fodder and wheat grain yield, plant photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, membrane stability index, K+: Na+ and mineral nutrients uptake as compared to sole poor quality water application. Organic manure and gypsum addition in soil enhanced the volume of leachates and caused a considerable reduction in soil salt load, soil SAR and improved mineral nutrients uptake. Key words: Poor quality water, K+: Na+, PCA, photosynthetic rate, salt load
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