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غزل
چاند چہروں کے رنگ تھے پیلے
سورجی چہرے والے سینوں کے تار
کون تہذیب لے اڑی وہ شہر
دائمی قید کر کے کہنے لگا
شعر کیا ہیں نئے جوانوں کے
ہری پلکوں پہ آسماں نیلے
زرد پہروں میں ہونکتے ٹیلے
لوگ تھے سچے اور شرمیلے
دی ابد تک رہائی جا جی لے
بات بے ربط لہجے چونکیلے
حروف مقطعات کے حوالے سے مستشرق نولڈ یکے اور آٹو لوتھ کی آراء کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
Mystical letters are among the miracles of Quran. These mystical letters are present at the start of Quranic Surah’s (Chapters). These are among the mutashabihat (Analogies) of Quran. Muslim scholars tried to define their meanings. Like other aspects of Quran and Hadith orientalists talk about mystical letters of the Quran. This article analyses the theories of Noldeke and Otto Loth regarding mysterious letters of Quran. What are their views about mystical letters of the Quran? Are their views according to the Islamic point of view of mystical letters? What are the deviations and differences as compared to traditional Islamic point of view of mystical letters? This research has been analytical by nature, both qualitative and analytical methods have been implemented. Analyses of the views of both of the scholars in the light of traditional Islamic concept of mystical letters, shows that Orientalists including Noldeke and Otto Loth thought that mystical letters are not the part of revelation. According to them these are the names of the sources from which different chapters of the Quran had been taken during its compilation. These are on the same pattern as mystical letters are present in the Jewish books. Holy Prophet had copied them. The present study argues that Quran being the book of Lord is unchanged and mystical letters are a part of it. It is further highlighted that even some orientalists argue that the opinion of Noldeke and Otto Loth is not correct.Mediating Role of Job Stress on the Relationship of Job Demand and Work Life Balance
The study aimed to investigate the mediating role of job stress on relationship of job demand and work-life balance of nurses working in Multan, Pakistan. The study is based on the review of existing literature and collection of data through self-administered questionnaire. Sample was selected from nurses working within Multan by using convenience and snowball sampling techniques of non-probability sampling. This is a cross-sectional study as data is collected form the respondents at one specific point in time. A total of 134 questionnaires in English and Urdu were distributed in sample using convenience and snowball sampling and asked personally to fill the questionnaires; all the respondents returned the questionnaires. The results showed that most of the nurses working in Multan are young, single and well-qualified. All the three variables are positively correlated to each other. The mediation model presented by Baron and Kenny (1986) is applied and tested by hierarchical regression analysis. The mediation is checked by two models: in model no.1 job demand predicted work-life balance and in model no.2 both job demand and job stress predicted work-life balance. The regression analysis showed that both job demand and job stress brought change in work-life balance and increase of 19.9% is noticed in model no.2 after addition of job stress. As hypothesized, the job demand though affects the work-life balance of nurses but when the job becomes more demanding it creates job stress which more adversely affects the work-life balance of nurses. The results are applicable to the nurses working in Multan. Future research may further study the issue by enhancing the sample size and by adding other variables such as ?staff morale? and ?workplace environment?. The practical suggestions include implementation of results to reduce the level of stress in nurses and improve their existing conditions.Journals by Discipline
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