Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

نولکھی کوٹھی

فقیر بستی میں تھا

                ناطق نے ایم فل اردو منہاج یونیورسٹی لاہور سے کیا اور ان کا مقالہ محمد حسین آزاد پر تھا۔ اسی مقالہ کو انہوں نے دوبارہ تھوڑا تبدیل کرکے ایک نئے نام سے شائع کروایا یعنی فقیر بستی میں تھا یہ ایک سوانحی ناول ہے جسے انہوں نے اپنی تخلیقی مہارت کے ذریعے ایک نیا روپ دیا۔ ’’فقیر بستی میں تھا‘‘عکس پبلی کیشنز لاہور نے 2019ء میں چھاپا۔ناطق نے نہایت خوبصورتی سے اس کتاب کو 45 حصوں میں تقسیم کیا ہے اور اپنے ہر ایک عنوان میں آزادزندگی کا پہلو بیان کیا گیا ہے۔کتاب کا انتساب آغا سلمان باقر کے نام لکھاہے۔کتاب نہایت مہارت سے لکھی گئی ہے پڑھتے ہوئے محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ لکھنے کیلئے کہاں کہاں کی خاک چھانی گئی ہوگی۔انہوں نے  آزاد کی شخصیت کے تمام پہلوؤں پر روشنی ڈالی ہے ۔ایسا محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ ناطق کی طرح قاری بھی کتاب پڑھ کر آزاد کا عاشق بن جائے گا۔اس ضمن میں شہناز نقوی لکھتی ہیں :

’’مجھے یوں محسوس ہوا جیسے میں کوئی seasonsدیکھ رہی ہوں ، عمدہ طرز بیان کو پڑھنے والا بھی مولانا آزاد کے ساتھ ساتھ خود کو محسوس کرنے لگتا ہے۔کتاب کا اسلوب اتنا پرکشش ہے کہ قاری کو کہیں بھی بوجھل پن محسوس نہیں ہوتا ورنہ تحقیقی کتب پڑھناذرا مشکل مرحلہ ہوتا ہے۔‘‘(15)

                انہوں نے آزادکی  زندگی کو اس طرح لکھا کہ قاری بھی آزاد کا دیوانہ ہوجائے ناطق نے خود بھی آزاد کی کتاب جب آب حیات پڑھی تھی تو بار بار اس کتاب کو تقریباً چالیس مرتبہ پڑھا،اسی لیے ایم فل اردو میں اس عنوان پہ مقالہ تحریر کرنے کا فیصلہ کیا۔

Islamic Microfinance: An Overview and Prospects in Pakistan

This paper will highlight the significance importance of the Islamic microfinance working in Pakistan as well as across the world. In 2007, the Great economic damage the global economy of the world including United States, European Union as well as Asia, it made the researcher to study about the alternate system in the replacement of Conventional Financial System, after that study and research they recognized that there is no concept of interest in Islamic Financial System, it is totally based on asset-based system, this recognition shift their area of interest from conventional financial system to Islamic financial system. Islamic financialSystem plays a significant role in economic growth of a country through accumulation of deposits and providing the plate form of financing to speed up economic activities. In the last two decades, the traditional microfinance is replaced by the Islamic microfinance in Pakistan as well as in the whole world. This paper will highlight the working methodology of Islamic microfinance models and institutions that how these Islamic microfinance institutions working asan interest free sector in Pakistan and in the world. The paper is also highlighting the difference between conventional micro financing and Islamic micro financing that what are the models and functions that differs the Islamic micro financing from the traditional micro financing.

Analysis of Drought Rust Diseases Tolerance Conferred by Endophytes in Wheat Crop

Excessive use of pesticides has caused agricultural and environmental hazards. Microbial inoculation is an alternate to pesticides for confronting pathogens and is an environmental friendly approach. Endophytes are beneficial microbes and biologically safe for inducing tolerance in plants. Hence, the current research was conducted to evaluate endophytes potential in wheat against drought stress and rust diseases. Fifty genotypes of wheat were sown under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in field conditions for evaluation against rust diseases and drought conditions. The drought stress was given to the wheat genotypes by skipping the irrigation at flowering and grain filling stage for drought resistance whereas all genotypes were also inoculated against rust diseases through natural and artificial method at tillering and heading stage. Data regarding drought stress were recorded on the basis of different growth parameters viz. number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), number of productive tillers m2, biological yield (gm-2), grain yield (gm-2), harvest index % and percent yield reduction, drought tolerance indices like mean productivity (MP), tolerance index (TOL) and stress susceptibility index (SSI). Data regarding final disease severity percentage, area under disease progress curve and coefficient of infection were recorded for rust diseases. Kohsar-95 and Parwaz-94 exhibited most drought sensitive genotypes while two leaf rust (Faisalabad-85, Aas-02) and two yellow rust genotypes viz. Fareed-06 and Shafaq-06 expressed susceptible response. Plant samples for endophytes were collected from desert areas (Cholistan, Thar and Rohi) of Pakistan. The endophytes were isolated, identified and purified in Plant Mycology Lab. on sterilized Potato Dextrose Agar media (PDA). The in-vitro efficacy of endophytes was evaluated in test tubes containing 0.3% agar concentration. The wheat seed was sown in test tube containing distilled water along with fungal spore suspensions (1×106/ml) and incubated at 28±2oC. The root and shoot length was measured after 4 days of interval. The four endophytes expressed significant results were used for further studies. Spore suspensions of these endophytes were prepared and their concentrations were observed through haemocytometer. Seeds of disease and drought susceptible wheat genotypes were inoculated by dipping in spore suspension and sown in field under factorial RCBD. Inoculated susceptible wheat genotypes exhibited the tolerance against drought and rust diseases. The endophyte Piriformospora indica showed significant increase in grain yield 15.4% of drought sensitive genotypes followed by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Trichoderma viride, and Acremonium lolii 11.3 %, 8.1 % and 7.5 % respectively. Similarly, for leaf and yellow rust diseases P. indica also exhibited statistically significant increase in grain yield 17.5% and 12.3%, respectively followed by Trichoderma spp. (13.7 % and 10.6 %). Colletotrichum spp. and Acremonium spp. showed (7.1%, 6.2%) as well as (8.2%, 4.2%) under leaf rust and yellow rust conditions respectively.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.