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فصل دوم: آیاتِ استفہام میں فہمِ ایمانیات

تفسیر تدبر قرآن میں امین احسن اصلاحی نے بہت سے مقامات پر آیاتِ استفہام کی وضاحت کی ہے اور ان میں اللہ تعالیٰ کے سوال کرنے کے اغراض و مقاصد پر بھی روشنی ڈالی ہے۔اس فصل میں تفسیر تدبر قرآن کی روشنی میں آیاتِ استفہام کی تفسیر و تشریح بیان کی جا رہی ہے آیاتِ استفہام کی اقسام بھی بیان کی گئیں ہیں اور ہر قسم کے حوالے سے ماتحت آیات کی تفسیر کی جا رہی ہے۔

 اللہ ہی ساری کائنات کا نظام چلانے والا ہے کوئی اس کا شریک نہیں عبادت اور رازونیاز کا صرف وہی مستحق ہے اللہ تعالیٰ نے قرآن مجید میں اپنی صفات جگہ جگہ بےنظیر طریقے سے بیان کی ہیں جن سے ذات الٰہی کا نہایت واضح تصور حاصل ہوتا ہے۔

 دل کے لئے سلامتی اور کوئی صلاح وبھلائی اللہ وحدہ لاشریك له کی توحید کے بغیر ممکن نہیں۔ جس قدر انسان کے پاس توحید کی صداقت اور سلامتی اعتقاد میں پائی جائے گی اسی قدر اس کے لئے سلامتی صدر اور اصلاح قلب پائی جائے گی چنانچہ دل کی تخلیق کا مقصد یہی ہے کہ اپنے پیدا کرنے والے کو پہچانا جائے اور اس کی شایان شان اس سے محبت کی جائے اور اس کی وحدانیت کا اقرارویقین کیا جائے اور اس بات کو بھی عملی تطبیق دے کہ اللہ ہی دنیا کی ہر شے سے بڑھ کر اس کو محبوب ہےاور دنیا کی ہر چیز سے بڑھ کر وہی ہستی نہایت عظیم ہے، تو دل کی بھلائی بس اسی چیز کے حصول میں ہے۔

اللہ تعالیٰ قرآن میں ارشاد فرماتے ہیں:

"وَہُوَاللہُ لَآ اِلٰہَ اِلَّا ہُوَ لَہُ الْحَمْدُ فِي الْاُوْلٰى وَالْاٰخِرَۃِ وَلَہُ الْحُكْمُ وَاِلَيْہِ تُرْجَعُوْنَ"۔[[1]]

" اور وہی اللہ ہے...

The Universality and Scope of Justice in Islam

Definition of justice and its scope is something about what legal and political philosophers could never reach a unified position throughout a history. In these days, many in the West are trying to present Islam and its law and justice as something utterly uncivilized, unjust, cruel, and outdated and of no use in modern world. Positivist's concept of justice that prevails in the world today, mostly based on temporary secular-materialistic values, is in most of the cases opposed to the eternal principles and rules laid down by God Almighty. Justice according to the early proponents of Natural law, if not based on the universal values in itself is not justice, and as such is doomed to failure. Today we are witnessing the kind of global justice that threatens even to destroy humanity.  The present article is an effort to find out the most suitable definition of justice according to the Islamic law, and present the concept of universality and scope of justice in Islam in a way to show the absolute God's principles and values are unchangeable and everlasting, and only rightful solution to be followed today.

Association of the Trace Mineral Profile of Soil, Forages and Blood With the Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis in Grazing Sheep of District Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan

Sheep production in Pakistan has an imperative socio-economic impact on the small holder rural farmers. Gastro-intestinal (GI) parasitic infections in sheep cause a substantial loss in terms of productivity and constitute serious economic losses in the world. In parasitized sheep, reductions in immunity to fight against endo-parasites might be attributable to mineral deficiencies. Trace elements including Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co), Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) were determined in (a) sera of sheep, (b) preferred flora and (c) respective soil samples of district Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan during Autumn 2014 and Spring, 2015. Associative analysis was made between the serum concentrations of the study elements and quantitative worm burden. To this end, a total of 384 grazing sheep were randomly selected for collection of blood and faecal samples as per the standard protocols. An appropriate number of plants/ forages and soil samples were also collected. The sera, plant and soil samples were subjected to pre-treatment (digestion) required for the determination of trace element profile through atomic absorption spectrophotometery. Overall prevalence of GI parasites was 32.55% and 32.81% in district Sialkot during Autumn and Spring, respectively. Variable age and breed showed non-significant results while, sex was found significant during both seasons. Concentration of selected trace elements was significantly (P > 0.05) varied in analyzed forages; however, mean concentration of only Cu in forages collected from different tehsils varied significantly (P < 0.05) during Spring. A non-significant (P > 0.05) variation among soil trace elements was found in different tehsils of Sialkot district during both seasons. Concentration of all selected trace elements except Co in serum showed significant (P < 0.05) results among tehsils of district Sialkot during Spring while, only Zn in serum showed significant (P < 0.05) results during Autumn. Mean concentrations of Zn, Co and Cu during Autumn and Zn and Cu during Spring in serum was found inversely proportional to the mean egg per gram of sheep in all the three tehsils of Sialkot district. Forages containing high concentrations of Zn and Cu can be used effectively against GI parasites. Grazing of animals in rangelands containing trace elements rich forages increase the resilience against parasitic infections particularly in resource poor countries like Pakistan.
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