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اتفاق میں برکت

اتفاق میں برکت

ریت کے ذرات مل کر ریگستان کی شکل اختیار کر لیتے ہیں مٹی کے ذرات اکٹھے ہو کر گارے کی شکل میں ڈھل جاتے ہیں، پانی اور مٹی کا یہ امتزاج اینٹوں کی شکل اختیار کر لیتا ہے، اینٹیں آپس میں مل جل کر فلک بوس عمارت کی صورت میں ڈھل جاتی ہیں۔ ستارے آپس میں گھل مل جائیں تو کہکشائیں وجود میں آجاتی ہیں۔ افرادمل کر رہنا شروع کر دیں تو گھر ، کو چہ، قریہ، محلہ اور بڑی بڑی آبادیوں کا وجود منصہ شہود پر جلوہ گر ہو جا تا ہے۔
نظام قدرت کا بنظر غائر مطالعہ کریں اور چشم بنیا سلسلہ مشاہد ہ وا کر یں تو کائنات کا ذرّہ ذرّہ باہم مربوط اور متحد نظر آتا ہے۔ تمام برکات جو دنیا مافیھا میں نظر آرہی ہیں یہ باہمی اتحاد و تعاون کا ثمر ہے۔
پانی کے قطر ے مل کر ندی نالوں ، بحیر وں اور بڑے بڑے سمندروں کی شکل اختیار کر سکتے ہیں تو کائنات میں بسنے والے انسان اور بالخصوص مسلمان شعوری طور پر باہم متحد کیوں نہیں ہوسکتے، یقینا ہو سکتے ہیں۔ آج اگر تقریبا 57 ممالک مسلم ممالک ہیں اگر یہ تعصب ، نرگسیت اور فرقہ واریت کے بتوں کو پاش پاش کر کے اکٹھے ہو جائیں تو تمام لادینی قوتوں کے عفریت قاتل کو صفحہ ہستی سے مٹا سکتے ہیں اور اسلام کی قوتِ لا زوال کا عملی مظاہرہ کر سکتے ہیں۔اور یہ سب کچھ متفق اور متحد رہنے سے ہی ہو سکتا ہے ۔ اختلاف سے تو ایسی دراڑیں پڑتی ہیںکہ معاشرے کا وجود باقی رہنا دشوار ہو جاتا ہے ۔ اتفاق اور اتحاد جملہ معاملات میں کلیدی کردار ادا کرتا ہے۔
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الأصول الجامعة بين كبرى الفرق الإسلامية

The Muslim nation shows great diversity in many ways: Ethnical, lingual, tribal, racial, colour, cultural, etc. Nevertheless, such differences have never been supposed to impede their way to their unity. The Muslim nation has far more reasons and mutual foundations to be united. But unfortunately, the Muslim history witnesses squabbles and skirmishes between different sects of this otherwise one Ummah. These disputes led us to the recesses of ignorance and intolerance, which in turn left us lagging behind the world and advancement, and now, we are called the third world, which is not an honour any way. We need to work on the similarities between different sects of the Muslim nation and let them learn how to live together keeping their differences. So that they may get united. All the Muslims sects fundamentally believe in the same set of beliefs, practices, and rituals. The differences in these areas are the differences of diversity and extensions, not of contradiction. This diversity is the beauty of deliberation and discussion, hence a reason for knowledge to grow, it should not be a matter of contentions. We need to highlight the mutual common grounds of Islamic beliefs and religiosity among the sects to unite this nation. We need to teach how to tolerate and respect each other with difference of opinions. We should encourage constructive dialogues between the Muslims sects and let them understand point of views of each other and thus remove the misconception about; each other. We should curb the contentious and discordant voices and build up an atmosphere where a healthy, tolerant and heterogeneous society may emerge and pave the way to Muslim unity and thence to success in this life and the life to come after death. In this perspective, the author of his present study explores to find the teachings and guidance of Islam. This is the theme of the present study.

Bitrophic Effects of Artificial Diets of American Bollworm Helicoverpa Armigera H. on Different Biological Aspects of Bracon Hebetor Say

Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) is a notorious pest of various fields and horticultural crops worldwide. Insecticides application ultimately responsible for resistance development in H. armigera, unsafe for the environment and natural enemies of insect pests. To withstand the pesticides resistance, biological control successfully helps in reducing pest population. Bracon hebetor is a cosmopolitan species that have the ability to parasitize a wide range of lepidopteran and few coleopteran hosts. As H. armigera fed on wide host range so, quality and quantity of food nutrients provided at the time of Bracon hebetor larval development is a crucial step. The need of the current research project is to focus on which best suited semi-synthetic artificial diet of H. armigera; B. hebetor developmental parameters are good and further, how it can effectively be used under the scenario of ecological conditions after getting reared on efficient host for the control of H. armigera. So we can utilize B. hebetor as an efficient biological control agent for H. armigera management. Study objectives were to screen out the best suited artificial diet of H. armigera for the rearing of B. hebetor. Investigation of B. hebetor life history traits on most efficient hosts from the screened host species for the effective rearing of B. hebetor. Determination of the effect of temperature, relative humidity regimes and host larval densities on the life history traits of B. hebetor parasitizing H. armigera. B. hebetor parasitization, reproduction, development, fitness related traits and life table parameters were observed on different pyralids, noctuids, gelechiids and curculionids under laboratory conditions (25±2°C and 70±5%) in order to find out the most suitable host for the mass rearing and inundative release purposes to control H. armigera. Results indicated that among four semi-synthetic diets (gram, rice, wheat and corn) of H. armigera, gram flour mediated diet was responsible for good biological and developmental parameters of B. hebetor under laboratory conditions. It can be successfully used for the rearing of H. armigera as a host for good parasitism and development of B. hebetor. Though, H. armigera itself was not an excellent host for the continuous rearing of parasitoid therefore, seven different hosts (six from Lepidoptera and one Coleoptera) were utilized to screen out the suitable one. Results showed that the pyralids hosts (E. kuehniella, C. cephalonica vii and G. mellonella) gave the best results for daily fecundity, parasitoid survival to adulthood, development time and female biased sex ratio followed by H. armigera and the worst reproduction occurred on H. postica. Among the most efficient screened pyralid hosts, B. hebetor biological parameters and fitness related traits were excellent on E. kuehniella as compared to C. cephalonica. So production of good fitness traits (wing area, tibia size and dry mass), excellent biological parameters (good immature numbers and adults emergence), short egg-adult development time and changes in THCs provide a good means for the immature development of B. hebetor within the parasitized E. kuehniella for several days. Temperature relative humidity regimes and H. armigera larval densities significantly affect the biological and developmental parameters of B. hebetor. Excellent life history parameters of B. hebetor parasitizing gram diet fed H. armigera were observed at 25°C and 60% R.H. combination. Among various larval densities of H. armigera good biological parameters of B. hebetor like production of immature numbers, short egg-adult development time, survivorship and female progeny production was significantly good on five larval density of H. armigera offered for parasitization. Therefore, it is recommended that gram mediated diet is best suited for the rearing of H. armigera in order to find out the best suited temperature, humidity combination and host larval density in the field release planning and maintenance of B. hebetor population for long term field crops management to control H. armigera. On the other hand B. hebetor quality progeny production on E. kuehniella make this insect of great potential to serve as valuable material for laboratory rearing and inundative field release to control H. armigera larval populations.
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