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مولوی بشیر الدین احمد

مولوی بشیر الدین احمد مرحوم
افسوس ہے کہ اردو کے ایک کہنہ مشق مصنف کی جسمانی یادگار مولوی بشیرالدین احمد خلف مولانا ڈپٹی نذیر احمد صاحب مرحوم نے بھی اپنی جگہ خالی کی، ۲۴؍ اگست کی شب کو بعارضۂ فالج دہلی میں وفات پائی، تاریخ بیجاپور، فرامین شاہی، عصائے پیری اور کئی تاریخی اور ادبی کتابوں کے وہ مصنف تھے اور اس عہد میں بسا غنیمت تھے۔
(سید سلیمان ندوی، ستمبر ۱۹۲۷ء)

اسلام كے فوجداری نظام كا ضابطہ قسامت

e Qasama Doctrine of Islamic Criminal Law The mashroom-growth like blind murder cases, have, now a days confused and perplexed the law-enforcing agencies the reason is that such murder-cases are taken in hand and tried to be dealt with the common criminal procedures The criminal in such a case leaving no clue thereto succeed in detracting the police. As a result the FIR is lodged against an anonymous 'accused' afterwards and the case is filed because of the non-availability of required proof. Contrary to the above Islam introduces the procedure cf Qasama _ which literally means administring an oath which in juristic terminology applied to a way and process where some persons are held responsible in a blind murder for an oath in words, that; By Allah! Neither they have committed the murder nor they noticed the culprit. In case of refusal they are adjudicated for Qisasand for the payent of Diyat in vice versa. Historically Qasama procedure is traced back to pre-lslamic tribal-law which were then, afterwards modified and re-enforced by the Prophet (SAW) and his Khulafa. With the exception of some minor juristic controversies regarding the structure and framework of Qasama procedure multitude of muslim jurists hold it a valid way for the adjudication of a blind-murder. It is with all regrets that-lslamic Ideological council ( HC) despite its introduction .

Prevalence of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Nosocomial Infections With Reference to Identification of Resistant Genes Drug Designing

One of the most common places for the development and spread of bacterial resistance are hospitals. These bacteria are present on the inanimate objects and therefore can be a possible cause of cross infections. This cross infection can rise the disease and death rates, which results in increasing costs of healthcare, prolonged hospital stays and requires further expensive medications. Therefore, the current study was aimed at determining the prevalence of these resistant bacteria, their antibiogram pattern, presence of resistant gene(s) and molecular docking studies. In our study the most common bacteria among Gram-positive was Staphylococcus aureus (81%) while in Gram-negative Citro bacter (25%) showed the highest growth followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23%), Provedencia spp (16%), Proteus spp and E.coli (10%), Klebsiella spp (6%), Shigella and Serratia spp (4%) and Salmonella spp (2%). The most potent antibiotic against S. aureus and Citrobacter was Vancomycin (80% sensitive) and Amikacin (63.04%), respectively. The β-lactamase TEM and Metallo- β-lactamase NDM were most common among the Extended-β-lactamase (ESBLs) and Metalo-β-lactamase (MBLs) genes. For β-lactamase TEM, Metallo-β-lactamase and other β-lactamase proteins, numerous classes of inhibitors have been reported in the literature. These proteins revealed to be involved in providing resistance to certain antibiotics, thus, the inhibition of these proteins is vital for achieving the optimum treatment. In the current work, In-silico methods were used for the discovery of novel and potent inhibitors for these proteins. On the basis of ligands attached in the three-dimensional proteins structures, Complex-based pharmacophore models were generated for screening the drug like ZINC database. Before screening, the generated pharmacophore models were validated on a test database of active and non-active compounds. From the result Abstract xxvi | P a g e of virtual-screening, 571 structurally varied compounds from Ethyl Boronic Acid, 866 from L-Captopril and 1020 from Nacubactam were saved. The initial retrieved hits were selected for cleaning via Lipinski’s rule of five to calculate the drug-like properties. The compounds which attained the standards of drug-like properties were additionally evaluated by the docking simulations. Final concluding 30 compounds (10 for each of the selected protein) producing varied structure and the modes of binding in the active pocket of the designated proteins were concluded as new and important inhibitors. Each identified inhibitor has diverse frameworks and possibility of novel and probable inhibitors for β-lactamase TEM, Metallo-β-lactamase and β lactamase.
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