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ڈاکٹر حامد اﷲ ندوی

ڈاکٹر حامد اﷲ ندوی
ڈاکٹر حامد اﷲ ندوی کے انتقال کی افسوس ناک خبر تاخیر سے ملی، انہوں نے ۱۹؍ اکتوبر ۹۹؁ء کو سنگاپور میں داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا، ان کا وطن تامل ناڈو کی مشہور ریاست آرکوٹ (نارتھ) کا ایک قصبہ چروتاپور تھا۔ یہیں وہ ۱۹۲۵؁ء میں پیدا ہوئے اور ابتدائی تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء میں داخلہ لیا، ندوہ سے فراغت کے بعد پونے یونیورسٹی سے فارسی اور اردو میں ایم۔اے کیا۔
درس و تدریس کا آغاز بمبئی کے مشہور تعلیمی ادارے انجمن اسلام سے ہوا، اس کے ریسرچ سنٹر سے بھی وابستہ رہے اور عرصہ تک مہاتما گاندھی میموریل سنٹر کی ہندوستانی پرچار سبھا سے منسلک رہے، جس کے ڈائریکٹر پروفیسر عبدالستار دلوی تھے۔ اسی زمانے میں ہمارے سابق رفیق مولانا عبدالرحمن پرواز اصلاحی کا تعلق بھی اس سینٹر سے تھا، انہی کے ہم راہ راقم نے پہلی بار ان دونوں حضرات سے ملاقات کا شرف حاصل کیا، دونوں دارالمصنفین کے بڑے قدرداں اور خیر خواہ تھے اس لیے مجھ سے بڑے اخلاص، محبت اور گرم جوشی سے ملے اور توقع سے زیادہ میری پذیرائی کی۔
آخر میں ڈاکٹر حامد اﷲ ندوی کا تعلق بمبئی یونیورسٹی کے شعبہ عربی سے ہوگیا، اس سے وظیفہ یاب ہونے کے بعد بمبئی کی ہنگامہ خیز زندگی سے الگ رہ کر وہ خاموشی سے علمی، ادبی اور تحقیقی کاموں میں مشغول رہتے تھے جس سے ان کو بڑا شغف تھا۔ تحریر و تصنیف کا بھی اچھا ذوق اور خاص سلیقہ تھا جس کا ثبوت ان کی تصنیفات ہیں جو تلاش، تحقیق اور محنت و جستجو سے لکھی گئی ہیں۔
ان کی کتاب ’’لکھنؤ کی لسانی خدمات‘‘ شایع ہوئی تو علمی حلقوں میں اس کی بڑی پذیرائی ہوئی، دوسری کتابیں ’’اردو کی چند نایاب مثنویاں‘‘ اردو کے چند نامور ادیب اور شاعر ’’ہندوستان اور مشرق وسطیٰ...

Interaction of Household Wealth and Women’s Working Status on Child Malnutrition: Evidence from PDHS-2013

Theoretically, it is supposed that women’s working status and household wealth independently contribute towards the children’s dietary status. The working women of the inferior socio-economic class are generally engaged in the informal sector or low paid work. It may be argued that such kinds of service cannot contribute to the nutritious prestige in children. To solve this puzzle whether woman's working status in all socio-economic setups is contributing to children’s nutritional status or not? This is the main focus of the research. A sample data of 1169 households from PDHS (2012-13) are used to explore the influencing factors of child malnutrition. The study employed the binary logistic regression which observes the likelihood of malnutrition in the children. Malnutrition is measured through CIAF. The interaction terms of the woman’s working status and five quintiles of wealth index have been created. The results disclose that working women belonging to the household of the first two quintiles of the wealth index and the fourth quintile of the wealth index are not contributing to the nutritious prestige of the children. Furthermore, in the third quintiles, the working status of women contributes to the nutritional prestige of children. It may be inferred that the socioeconomic status of the household is important for the nutritional welfare of the children, not the woman's employment. However, it may be concluded that women’s employment should be of the level that can support the socio-economic status of the household.

Genetic Diversity of Mango Germplasm and Ceratocystis Spp. Form Ajk and Punjab, Pakistan

Pakistan is blessed with a wide range of indigenous mango germplasm. These mango genotypes, growing at Punjab and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and its vicinity are valuable resource for unique genetic diversity. This germplasm has declined drastically due to population pressure, deforestation and high incidence of insect pests and diseases including Mango Quick Wilt Disease (MQWD). Hence, the aim of this study was to develop DNA fingerprints and determine the genetic diversity of the availabale germplasm. On the other hand, better understanding about the varability of MQWD pathogen is also important for incorporating resistant traits in the plant. Therefore, DNA profiles of 232 genotypes of Pakistan were developed with 114 SSR markers to determine the population structure. SSR based genetic diversity analysis identified a total of 593 alleles ranging from 2 to 18 alleles per locus, which were able to distinguish almost all of these genotypes. The average polymorphism information content value was 0.665. The expected and observed heterozygosity values were 0.695 and 0.619, respectively, which exhibited moderate level of genetic diversity among mango genotypes. Thirty unique alleles were identified in commercial and some wild genotypes. This analysis identified 26 duplicate entries in the collected samples, though they were identified as different genotypes at the time of sampling. The remaining genotypes (203) were found to be genetically distinct from each other. The Bayesian cluster, principal coordinate and hierarchical clustering analyses divided the collected genotypes into three groups i.e. A, B and C. Groups A and C consisted of entirely indigenous genotypes, while all commercial genotypes were clustered in group B. The genotypes from AJK have relatively broader genetic base within their clusters as compared to the genotypes collected from Punjab. However, strong correlation between geographic distribution and genetic clustering suggested no extensive exchanges of mango germplasm across these geographic areas. The genetic diversity of Pakistani genotypes was found to be higher when compared with the genotypes of other mango growing countries of the world. No association could be established between the embryony and SSR markers analyzed. The analysis identified the mislabeling of the introduced genotypes from other countries. These markers also identified and confirmed the parentage of hybrid genotypes. Most of the genotypes collected from Rahim Yar Khan, Multan and Khanewal showed close relationship with ‘Chaunsa’, ‘Sindhri’ and ‘Langra’. Another aspect of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of the casual agent of the most notorious mango disease, MQWD, which is a major threat to mango production in Pakistan. Eighteen fungal isolates were sampled from infected mango decline trees from mango growing areas of Punjab. The genetic makeup of these isolates was determined by using various DNA marker genes like ITS, β-tubulin and EF-1α. The comparison of their nucleotide sequencing data showed that ‘RYK-147’ belongs to Ceratocystis manginecans; while, rest of the seventeen samples belong to Ceratocystis fimbriata. These results are contradictory to the previous reports, which showed that disease causing fungi belongs to solely C. manginecans. This study showed that the mango decline disease is caused by both fungal species. However, the C. manginecans, isolated in this study has the same genetic makeup as previously reported from Pakistan and Oman. This contradiction in results is likely due to sampling from the regions, which are different from the previous studies in Pakistan. The genetic diversity analysis of 18 isolates was also carried out through 20 SSR markers. The results indicated that the isolates collected from Multan, Khanewal and Muzaffargarh are genetically similar. While, low level of genetic diversity was observed among isolates sampled from Rahim Yar Khan. The analysis also screend out C. manginecans, as a causal agent of mango wilt disease in isolate of ‘RYK-147’. These all isolates were sampled from commercial mango genotypes, which have low level of genetic diversity. High level of genetic similarity in the disease causing fungi might be an evolutionary outcome of diversity relation between host and pathogen. The quantitative analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure would help cultivar improvement in the future mango breeding programs.
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