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بابا بلھے شاہ

حضرت بابا بلھے شاہ نے بھٹو کی پیدائش سے کئی سو سال پہلے فرمایا ،جو آج بھی سنہری الفاظ میںیاد کیے جاتے ہیں ۔

ہند تے سندھ دی ونڈ ہوسی

کج حصہ قصور دا جاسی

پتر سندھڑی دا حکمران ہوسی

بنا عدل او ماریا جاسی

 

Comparative Analysis of Classifiers for Prediction of Epileptic Seizures

Epilepsy is a neurological disease in which people suffer from seizure attack and lose the normal function of brain. Almost 50 million people have epilepsy in the world due to which it has become the most common neurological disease. Early prediction of epilepsy helps patients to avoid epilepsy and live normal life. Many studies have been conducted for the early prediction of epilepsy. However, selection of the most appropriate classifier has always been a question that needs to be resolved. In this study, we are using six classifiers of machine learning which are KNN, Naïve Bayes, Linear Classification Model, Discriminant Analysis Model, Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree, to find the best classifier for the prediction of epileptic seizures, in term of accuracy. Dataset from “Kaggle” was used. Preprocessing and cross-validation of the data was carried out for training and testing of classifiers. The results depict that Naive Bayes classifier has a better average accuracy of 95.739% as compared to other classifiers. The future work of this study is to implement the suggested model in real time, so that the workload of medical members could be reduced.

Study of Zinc Ferrite Containing Ferrimagnetic Bioactive Glass Ceramics for the Hyperthermia Treatment of Cancer

Ferrimagnetic bioactive glass ceramics are expected to be potential candidates for the hyperthermia treatment of cancer. When placed in an alternating magnetic field of high frequency, these materials generate heat energy by hysteresis and eddy current losses. Tumor cells usually perish around 43 °C due to the poorly developed nervous and circulatory system whereas healthy body cells remain unaffected at this temperature. Such materials should have the adequate ability to bond with the tissues (bioactivity). Much work has been done on Fe 3 O 4 containing glass ceramics for this purpose but present work is the first ever detailed study of its kind on ZnFe 2 O 4 containing ferrimagnetic bioactive glass ceramics for the hyperthermia treatment of cancer. Glass ceramics of the composition (%wt) xZnO • 25Fe 2 O 3 • (40 -x)SiO 2 • 25CaO • 7P 2 O 5 • 3Na 2 O were prepared by melt-quench method and subsequent sintering at 1100 °C. After sintering the materials were quenched to about -10 °C to cause ferrimagnetism by preserving the high temperature state of mixed spinels, i.e., random distribution of cations at tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites of the spinel lattice. Magnetic properties of ferrimagnetic materials were further enhanced by cooling the materials in an aligning magnetic field to cause anisotropy. XRD was used to study the crystalline phases in the materials. Magnetic properties of the materials were studied using VSM. The sample X10 (having 10% ZnO) exhibited the highest hysteresis area. Calorimetric properties were studied by placing the materials in a magnetic induction furnace. The sample X10 exhibited the best magnetic heat generation due to its highest hysteresis losses. Anisotropic materials showed better magnetic and calorimetric properties than the non-aligned materials. Materials were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 3 weeks to study the bioactivity. In Vitro characterization was carried out using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, AAS & pH meter. The results confirmed that all samples were bioactive as layers of biological hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) appeared after 3 weeks. Sample X10 exhibited adequate bioactivity. Due to balanced calorimetric & biological properties, sample X10 was considered the potential material of choice to be used for the hyperthermia treatment of cancer as well as for re-enforcement of the damaged bones.
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