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آئو چھو لو آسمان

آئوچھو لوآسمان
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اساتذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’آئو چھولو آسمان ‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
آسمان بلندی و عظمت کی علامت ہے، عروج و ترقی کی علامت ہے، مجدی و سروری کی علامت ہے، آسمان کے ذکر سے مقام و مرتبہ مراد لیا جارہا ہے، آسمان کی مثال سے غرض و غایت علو مرتبت ہے، آسمان تک رسائی گویا ترقی و عروج کی معراج ہے۔
صدرِمحترم!
ہمیں عظمت کے حصول کے لیے غفلت و لاپرواہی کے پردے کو تار تار کرنا ہو گا۔ تساہل و کسلمندی کے حصار سے باہر آنا ہوگا ،سستی اور بے کاری کے رجحان کی نفی کرنی ہوگی ، اخلاقی گراوٹ کی غلاظت کی سٹرانڈ سے بچنا ہو گا، زندگی کے تمام پہلوئوں میں مثبت تبدیلی لانا ہوگی۔
جنابِ صدر!
حصول عظمت کی خاطر انتھک محنت کرنا ہوگی ، سلف صالحین کے طریقے اپنانے ہوں گے، دھوکہ دہی ، فریب کاری، کذب بیانی ، ڈاکہ زنی ، زنا کاری ، رشوت ستانی،اقرباء پروری جیسی قبیح عادات سے اپنے دامن کو پاک و صاف رکھنا ہو گا۔ جسم کی صفائی کے ساتھ ساتھ اپنے روح کی بھی طہارت کا انتظام کرنا ہوگا۔
عقابی روح جب بیدار ہوتی ہے جوانوں میں
نظر آتی ہے ان کو اپنی منزل آسمانوں میں
جنابِ صدر!
جن نابغۂ روزگار ہستیوں نے اپنے دامن کو منزّہ مطہر رکھا، جنہوں نے سلف صالحین کے نقش قدم پر چل کر اپنی منازل کا تعین کیا، جنہوں نے ہرلمحہ اپنی زندگی کی گاڑی کو شارع اسلام پر رواں دواں رکھا، ان کا طائر علومرتبت فلک کی بلندیوں پرمحو پرواز ر ہا۔ ان کے علم و دانش کا آفتاب و ماہتاب آسمان کی...

Fiscal Decentralization and Gender Parity in Developing Asia

The traditional fiscal decentralization theorem claims that decentralized government can provide the goods and services at local level more efficiently. However, empirically it is still to explore that how fiscal decentralization affects gender parity. This study empirically investigates the impact of fiscal decentralization on gender parity in developing economies of Asia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Indonesia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz, Mongolia, Myanmar, Thailand and Turkey. The study used dynamic penal da ta technique namely system GMM over the period of 2006-2020. The multidimensionality of fiscal decentralization is captured through three measures of fiscal decentralization i.e. Expenditure decentralization, revenue decentralization and composite decentralization. Further, it also examines the complementarity between fiscal decentralization and control of corruption to increase the gender parity. The results of the analysis show that expenditure decentralization is increasing the gender parity in developing economies of Asia. Additionally, control of corruption is a necessary reform to get the desired fruits of fiscal decentralization. Countries must focus on corruption aspect of local governments in implementing the expenditure, revenue and composite decentralization.

The Prevalence and Factors Associated With Nonadherence With Arv Treatment and Cotrimoxazole Preventive Therapy Among Hiv Infected Adolescents Attending Out-Patient Hiv Clinics in Kenya

Background: There is an increase in the burden of HIV infected adolescents, both those perinatally infected as well as those acquiring HIV during adolescence. Female adolescents continue to be at the highest risk for acquiring HIV; in many Southern African countries, they have a three fold risk of acquiring HIV compared to their male counterparts. Adherence to treatment among adolescents has been shown to range between 30-70%, which is unacceptably low for antiretroviral therapy (ART). Psychosocial wellbeing and social support have been shown to be possible contributing factors to adherence to ART. This relationship has not been previously evaluated among Kenyan adolescents. Objectives: The overall objective of this study was to determine prevalence of non-adherence to medication among HIV infected adolescents aged 13-18 years attending selected outpatient HIV clinics in Kisumu, Kenya. The secondary objectives included determining the effect of psychosocial well being on adherence, and determining factors, including peer group support and their effect on adherence to medication. Methods We conducted a multi-center retrospective cohort study at seven outpatient HIV clinics in Kisumu, Kenya; enrolling 285 adolescents aged 13-18 years. Adherence data was obtained from pharmacy refill data and for each subject and a percentage adherence computed as the proportion of completed scheduled pharmacy visits. The main v predictor variable, psychosocial well being data was collected using a validated tool and a psychosocial score calculated using the corresponding score sheet and categorized as good (score was >22), moderate (15-22) and poor (<15). The maximum possible score was 30. Demographic data on potential determinants of adherence were collected in a face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. Characteristics of study participants were summarized using means and standard deviations for continuous variables; counts and proportions for categorical variables. The associations between adherence, psychosocial well-being and other factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The mean age of the participants was 15 years (mode 13, median15), 59% of whom were female. The majority (67%) had been enrolled into care when less than 12 years old and therefore considered to have been infected perinatally; 52% were on ART. The overall average adherence was 86%. Adolescents were categorized as adherent (adherence >95%) or non-adherent (adherence <95%) and 65% of them were adherent. Poor psychosocial well being was associated with increased likelihood of poor adherence (OR 3.37 CI 1.17 to 9.69; p=.017). Mental health showed a tendency to affect adherence negatively (p=.09). Other
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