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چکی ساہیوال
چکی ساہیوال جیل6
6چکی ساہیوال جیل جہاں پنڈی سازش کیس کے باغی فیض احمد فیض اور ان کے کامریڈوں نے قید کے دن گزارے اپنے ساتھی آصف بٹ ایڈووکیٹ کے ساتھ 1985ء کے خوبصورت دن تھے عمر قید کی سزائوں کے باوجود ہنستے کھیلتے دن گزرتے تھے ۔جیلیں سیاسی کارکنوں کے لیے یونیورسٹی کا درجہ رکھتی ہیں جہاں بہر حال کچھ سیکھنے کا موقع ملتا ہے ۔میرے جیل کے ساتھی میرا سرمایہ ہیں ۔
Murabaha Financing in Pakistan: A Practical Islamic Banking Aspect
Modes of financing in Islamic banking system are generally categorized as Sharaiah based financing like Musharakah, Mudarabah and Shariah compliant financing like Murabaha, Ijarah etc. Islamic banks should have adopted and promoted Sharaiah based financial instruments but instead they have been predominantly using Sharaiah compliant modes especially Murabaha due to some valid reasons. The aim of this paper is to highlight and know the level of satisfaction of the clients, businessmen, entrepreneurs, professionals, academicians and Islamic banking experts of the prevalent structure and use of Murabaha by the Islamic banks in Pakistan.Adjustment Problems of the Resettlers of Tarbela Dam in Pakistan
The present ethnographic study explores the displacement of the people by the government of Pakistan‘s mega project Tarbela dam. Those affected by the project were resettled in different areas of Pakistan. The study has critically analyzed the problems faced by such resettlers after the resettlement. Therefore, the topic chosen for this study is ―adjustment problems of the resettlers of Tarbela dam in Pakistan‖. The study has found that the involuntary resettlement created many problems for the resettlers in the areas of the resettlement including problems in language, education, housing, sanitation, construction, weather conditions, employment and assimilation. While the main objective of this study is to understand the perceptions of the resettlers (both men and women) regarding their adjustment in the new areas. Previous studies from around the world have shown that people affected by such mega projects were not properly compensated. Governments usually do not do much for resettlers; they pay them nominal price and do not assist them much. . The same thing happened in this case as well. The resettlers were not properly compensated and, therefore, they still feel deprived; they criticize the government‘s officials for such an action. This study, therefore, has employed qualitative methodology wherein unstructured interviews and focused group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with the respondents. The research design was ethnography wherein the researcher lived in the communities under investigation. Furthermore, the study has found that in Pakistan there is still no resettlement policy for people displaced by the government‘s decisions. In the absence of such a policy, it does not seem possible to compensate the resettlers according to the law. Apparently all mega development projects in Pakistan, involving dislocation of people have been carried out on the basis of the World Bank guidelines for resettlement. The key findings of the study are removal of their Hujra system which caused their non-adjustment in the new area. Secondly, loss of veiling (Pardah) for women due to displacement was yet anotherreason for their non-adjustment in the new area. A policy for proper assimilation and compensation of resettlers has been recommended in this research. It has also been suggested that resettlers must be involved in the planning, designing and implementation stages of resettlement plan. Furthermore, need to protect culture of resettlers and their values has been highlighted and recommended in this researchJournals by Discipline
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