ارشاد ڈیروی دی منقبت نگاری
شاعری وچ حمد، نعت ، منقبت تے مدح تعریف و توصیف لئی ورتے جاندے نیں تے لغوی اعبار نال ہم معنے نیں ، پر اصطلاحی معنی وکھو وکھ نیں تے ایہناں دی ورتوں ممدوح دے اعتبار پاروں ہوندی اے، جویں جے ممدوح ربی ذات ہووے تاں حمد اے ، جے رسول اللہﷺ دی ذات ہووے تے نعت، جے کر صحاباکرامؓ ، اہل بیعتؑ تے بزرگانِ دین نیں تے ایہناں لئی منقبت دا شبدورتیا جاوے گا، تے جے کر ہور کوئی مشہور شخصیت ہووے تے اوس لئی مدح شبددی ورتوں کیتی جاوے گئی، ڈاکٹر رفیع الدین اشفاق لکھدے نیں!
’’اصطلاح میں اگر آنحضرتﷺ کے سوا کسی دوسرے بزرگ یا صحابی یا امام کی تعریف کی جائے تو اسے منقبت کہیں گئے‘‘۔
اعجازاللغات جدید ، دے ص ا۶۸۵ اُتے لکھیا اے!
’’مناقب(م، ن، قب) مذکر، منقبت کی جمع اہل بیعت یا صحابہ کی مدح ، تعریف خوانی، منقبت ، تعریف وتوصیف ، صفت وثناء ، اصلاح میں وہ تعریف جو اہل بیعت یا صحابہؓ کی شان میں ہو‘‘
وارث سرہندی اپنی لغت اندر لکھدے نیں!
’’منقبت:(۱)کوئی چیز جس پر انسان فخر کرے یا جو اسے ممتاز بنائے ۔‘‘
(۲)تعریف، توصیف ، ثناء خصوصاً اہلِ بیعت اور صحابہ کی ۔
منقبت، صفت ، تعریف نظم وچ ۔
وکھو کھ زباناں وچ منقبت ،لئی ایہہ شبدور تے جاندے نیں!
’’پشتو، پنجابی تے کشمیری وچ ’’صفت‘‘، سندھی ’’منقبت‘‘ ، بلوچی وچ ’’سپت‘‘۔
منقبت دا سرنانواں صرف اوہ وڈیاں دینی ہستیاں ای بن سکدیاں نیں ، جہناں وچ ایہہ دو خوبیاں موجود ہوون!
۱۔ اوہ قوم دی پیشوائی دا فرض ادا کرسکدے...
Afghanistan is in state of war for almost 40 long years but the political dynamics got changed after 9/11. Since the war on terror started facets of peace talks launched without meaningful end. The reconciliation process in Afghanistan had immediately started after establishment of Afghan interim government in 2001. Till 2016 mid, four different reconciliation /reintegration processes were launched by the USA and Hamid Karzai government with Afghan Taliban. The new elected president Ashraf Ghani ended all such processes in 2016 but showed willingness again in 2018 for direct peace talks between USA and Taliban clerics. In the current political scenario, Afghan reconciliation process is back on track with direct peace talks between USA, Taliban and Afghan Government along other international actors. However, Taliban were not ready to sit with the Afghan Government and this is where the Pakistan played as key to Afghan peace process. The focus of this research article is to find the challenges and opportunities of this peace process; Pakistan’s role as cardinal player can consolidate the peace process in Afghanistan. Furthermore, this research will give future recommendations for the peace process in Afghanistan.
The study intended to compare the effectiveness of teachers’ transformational and transactional
leadership styles on students’ academic achievement. The objectives of the study were: to compare
public and private sector college teachers' transformational leadership style; to evaluate public and
private sector college teachers’ transactional leadership style; to explore gender wise differences in
public and private sector college teachers' views about their leadership styles; to measure gender wise
differences in students’ views of public and private sector college about their teachers’ leadership
styles; to compare relationship between teachers’ leadership styles and students’ academic
achievement; to calculate gender wise differences in academic achievement of students in public and
private sector. The population of the study was college teachers and students of 12th grade from public
and private colleges registered and affiliated with Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary
Education Islamabad. Total 36 null hypotheses were developed.
The major findings inferred from the data analysis were: there was found significant gender difference
in the opinion of teachers about teachers’ transformational leadership style, male and female teachers
did not show any difference of opinion about teachers’ transactional leadership styles, male and female
students gave different opinion about their teachers’ transactional leadership style, students from
moderate ability groups were found more concerned about their teachers’ leadership styles; the
transformational and the transactional leadership styles than low and high ability groups, positive
relationship was found between teachers’ transformational and transactional leadership styles with
students’ academic achievement.
The major recommendations of the study were: There is a need to design a complete course for
teachers’ training in leadership and this course may be included in teacher training programs. Effects
of teachers’ leadership styles may be investigated with reference to self-actualization of students. The
teachers’ training program for in-service college teachers may be designed for development of traits of
leadership and for this purpose the model proposed by the researcher may be used for designing
teachers’ leadership training course.