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بھلانے میں جن کو زمانے لگے ہیں

بھلانے میں جن کو زمانے لگے ہیں
وہی لوگ پھر یاد آنے لگے ہیں

سنبھلتا ہوا دیکھ کر پھر سے مجھ کو
حوادث کھڑے مسکرانے لگے ہیں

لگا بزم میں رہ گئے ہم اکیلے
کہا جب انھوں نے کہ جانے لگے ہیں

لگا ہاتھ سے ہے جو آنچل تمھارا
لگا ہاتھ جیسے خزانے لگے ہیں

خدایا! تو سن لے، اٹھے گی نہ ورنہ
جو ماتم کی صف ہم بچھانے لگے ہیں

ہمیں تو چلن، بد چلن زندگی کے
یہ سب سانپ سیڑھی کے دانے لگے ہیں

خدا دیکھ لے اب جو تو نے ہے کرنا
دعا سے بھی ہاتھ اب اٹھانے لگے ہیں

ابنِ تیمیہ کا فقہی مقام اور استنباطِ احکام کے اصول؛ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ An analytical study of Ibn-e-Taymiyyah's jurisprudential position and principles of elicitation rules

In Islamic jurisprudence, there are different degrees of inference and reasoning. He is also a mujtahid who, while respecting the principle of a particular religion, differs from his religion only in its branches and does not go against the principles of that particular religion. There is also a mujtahid who has jurisdiction over both the principles and the rules. Such a mujtahid is not a follower of any of the jurisprudential religions. Taqi-ud-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah remarkable, recognized, and medieval Sunni Theologian, jurisconsult, logician, and great reformer today, he is known by the title of Sheikh-ul-Islam. In some sciences and arts, he had Ijtihadi abilities and practitioners. He did not spare a single minute in expressing his critical ability and competence according to his instincts in principles and disciplines. Ibn Taymiyyah's critical ability and competence were manifested in the form of differences in the scientific world of the Islamic world. Due to this, Ibn Taymiyyah faced severe criticism from the academic circles all his life. In this article, it will be reviewed that Ibn Taymiyyah's jurisprudential and doctrinal differences came to light based on ijtihad, principles and his jurisprudential position and status and method of derivation and reasoning of the issues.

An Empirical Study on Entrepreneurial Orientation and Smes Perceived Performance: Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership, Environmental Factors and Access to Financial Capital

An Empirical Study on Entreprenurial Orientation and SMEs Percieved Performance: Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership, Environmental Factors and Access to Financial Capital The present study examined the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of Pakistan. Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) was evaluated on three dimensions, i.e. innovativeness, risk attitude and pro-activeness. Firm performance was measured through two dimensions, i.e. growth and profitability. The moderating effects of transformational leadership, access to financial capital and environmental factors were checked on the relationship between EO and firm performance. The population of the current study consists of all SMEs operated in Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa. The sampling framework of the current study consists of Peshawar division, which includesthree districts of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa including Peshawar, Charsadda and Nowshera. The study used multistage cluster sampling technique; first, the study selected Peshawar division (Peshawar, Charsadda and Nowshera) on simple random sampling technique. Secondly, through proportionate stratified random sampling technique, the study selected 254 organizations. Respondents of the study include top level managers of the selected organizations. The respondents’ responses were gathered through a structured questionnaire having a five pointLikert scale. The study found that EO is positively and significantly related to firm performance. Besides, the study also found that each dimension of EO namely innovativeness, risk attitude and pro-activeness were significantly related to firm performance and its dimensions growth and profitability. Moreover, the study also found that transformational leadership moderates the relationship between EO and firm performance. Similarly, the study also found that access to financial capital moderates the significant relationship between EO and firm performance, but environmental factor does not moderate the relationship between EO and firm performance. The study finally concluded that EO had significant impact on firm performance. Based on the findings, it is recommended that SMEs should enhance entrepreneurial orientation in their respective organizations in order to improve their performance. Furthermore, the study also recommended that SMEs may improve their performance through accessibility to financial capital and the leader leadership style, i.e. transformational leadership style as it impacts organizational performance.Limitations, practical implications, recommendations and directions for future research are also highlighted.
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