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۴۰۔ کاروانِ زنبور

کاروانِ زنبور

یہ کاروانِ زنبور ازل سے محوِ سفر ہے

اس عظیم جد و جہد پرطویل مسافتیں بھی حیران ہیں

جس نے اپنے لہو رنگ پرچموں سے

نیلے آسماں کو چرخِ احمر میں بدل ڈالا

 سرد راتوں میںخونیں انقلاب کے چراغ جلائے

یہ کاروانِ زنبور

کاندھوں پر اہرامِ مصر اٹھائے

دشت کی وسعتیںناپتا

کوہساروں کی بلند یاں کاٹتا

دریائوں کے دل چیرتا ہوا

معاملة المخطئين والجاهلين في ضوء السيرة النبوية العطرة

Allah Almighty had created man with the instinct to choose between good and evil. It is nature that being a human to be indulged in some activity unconsciously and then to realize and feel sorry for the crime committed. To err is human and to forgive Devine. So sins should not be treated as a single entity for there are of various types, ranging from the small mild ones to the big severe ones, thus dividing people who commit them accordingly. When our father and mother, ate from the forbidden tree, which was wrong, they realized it there and then, and instantly felt pain and remorse and abstained from it and declared repentance with humility and knocked the door of Allah for mercy and forgiveness. Allah the almighty heard their prayers and embraced them in his mercy and forgave their sin, for he is most gracious, and most merciful. Similarly our prophet has set an ideal for treating the sinners, he did not turn his face away from them nor did he declare abandoning them or excommunicating them or even counting them as dirt that should be avoided or looked down upon. He treated them with an open heart and with utmost compassion, sympathy and tolerance, and took them by the hand to the righteous path, his sympathy was always present, a sun that never sets. This article is basically to deal with prophetic examples and virtual self how the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) treated the sinners and ignorant. It is suggested that the public and the rulers should be made aware about the with deal to able be would they that so, (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy of teaching sinner and ignorant in an effective manners by following the teaching of. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy

Analysis of Decoupled User Association in Multi-Tier 5G Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

High data rate demands of users have resulted into initiation of research on 5th Generation (5G) mobile networks. Up till now, Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets), Massive Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and millimeter Wave (mmWave) technologies have been identified as key enabling technologies for emerging 5G networks. Out of these, HetNets along with efficient user association mechanisms are considered the most promising technology to achieve desired 5G objectives. At present, the cell association in existing HetNets is based on Downlink Reference Signal Received Power (DL RSRP) termed as coupled association which results into sub-optimal user performance, asymmetric load distributions and mobility management due to coverage areas asymmetries in HetNets. In order to improve existing HetNet user association, Downlink-Uplink Decoupling (DUDe) and biased cell association techniques have been proposed in literature. Out of these, the concept of DUDe has been recently introduced to address the shortcomings of coupled and biased cell user association. In DUDe, mobile may receive DL traffic from one BS based on DL RSRP and send UL traffic through another base-station (BS) based on the path loss. The DUDe can also be jointly used with dual connectivity to consume radio resources of at least two different network points for spectrum aggregation. Currently, some initial research on decoupled access has been undertaken but analysis in realistic scenarios is still an open research area. In the prior works, all network users are assumed to utilize decoupled access without considering its necessity and viability along with user location. Moreover, insights on the decoupling effects in terms of number of HetNet tiers and degree of HetNet densities has not been presented in the literature. The use of decoupled access with dual connectivity has also not been analyzed in multi-tier settings. In this research work, we propose a new and practical hybrid coupled / decoupled and Joint DUDe Dual Connectivity cell association schemes for K-tier HetNets which can be selected depending upon user location and by considering its benefits. Due to proposed scheme, one type of users can have UL-DL Coupled Association (CoA) with same BS despite the permissibility of decoupled association. Second type of users can follow UL-DL decoupled access called DUDe association policy. This type of user association in which users can have both coupled or decoupled access is called hybrid coupled / decoupled. In the thesis, analysis starts by examining the basic form of hybrid coupled / decoupled in two tier HetNets where UL and DL associations are based on path loss and DL received power respectively. Later on, the analysis is further extended for K-tier HetNets to generalize the analytical model. This analysis is followed by analytical modeling of Joint DUDe Dual Connectivity where user is allowed to aggregate channels based on Dual Connectivity along with Decoupled Access. With the use of stochastic geometry, we have developed closed form solutions for coverage, outage probabilities and average throughput by considering uplink power control, receiver noise and K-tiers of HetNets which is not available in the existing literature. The resultant performance metrics are also evaluated in terms of achieved gains over existing coupled access policies. Results show that cell association technique based on DUDe or Joint DUDe Dual Connectivity can significantly improve UL performance for forthcoming 5G HetNets in terms of coverage probability, outage probability and average throughput. Finally, the thesis is concluded by a summary of the findings and main outcomes from the conducted research along with suggested future directions.
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