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ادب میں دلچسپی

ادب میں دلچسپی

                ناطق کو بچپن ہی سے ادب میں گہری دلچسپی تھی بتاتے ہیں کہ وہ میٹرک تک نصاب کی کتا بیں نہیں پڑھا کرتے تھے بلکہ دوسری کتابو ں کو پڑھنے اور گھر کے پاس سکول کی لائبریری جانے میں زیادہ دلچسپی تھی اور بقول ان کے انھوں نے بچپن میں ہی ایسی کتا بیں پڑھ رکھی تھیں جن میں کسی کوکم ہی گہری دلچسپی ہو سکتی ہے مثلاً ’’داستان امیر حمزہ‘‘’’الف لیلا‘‘ یہ کتابیں وہ بچپن میں ہی پڑھ چکے تھے اور ان میں سے بہت سے صفحات ان کو زبانی یاد بھی تھے ایک دلچسپ واقعہ جس کاذکر کرتے ہوئے وہ کہتے ہیں :

’’آب حیات کتاب جب میں نے پڑھی تو وہ مجھے ایسے ماحول اور کلچر میں لے گئی کہ وہ کتاب میں نے تقریباًچالیس دفعہ پڑھی ہوگی جب بھی پڑھتا ہوں تو ایک نیا لطف آتا ہے۔میں نے سوچا کہ شاعر ایسے ہوتے ہیں یہ تو بہت اچھے لوگ ہیں اور ان کی حرکتیں  بھی مجھے راس آئیں اس میں جتنے شاعر تھے میرے لیے خاص طور پر ان دنوں وہاں مجھے انشاء جی بہت بھائے جس طرح مولوی آزاد صاحب نے مصحفی ساتھ ان کی مبالغہ آرائی کروائی ہے۔بچپن میں ایک بندے کو ہیرو کی طرح سمجھ لیا جاتا ہے میرے لیے مصحفی ان دنوں ولن تھا مولوی آزاد نے ان کو ولن بنا کررکھ دیا تھا۔اب ہوش آیا توپتا چلا مولوی آزاد کیسے کھیل کھیلتے تھے۔(2)

                کتابوں سے دلچسپی ان کی نہ صرف ادب سے راہیں ہموار کرتی گئی بلکہ ادبی دنیا میں ممتاز لکھاری کے طور پر پہچان کا باعث بنی۔

فقہ اسلامی اور منو دھرم شاستر كا تقابلی مطالعہ

Fiqh Islami or Islamic Jurisprudence is Muslim sacred law based on primary Islamic sources i. E. Quran and Sunnali and which provides code ofconduct to Muslims in all spheres of life. Manu Dharam Shastra or laws of Manu is one of the standard books of Hindu religious law. This article aims at comparative study of 'lawsuit in Hinduism and Islam' in light ofFiqh Islamic and Manu Dharam Shastra.

Distributed Leadership: Ideals and Realities in a Private Secondary School in Karachi, Pakistan

The concept of distributed leadership (DL) is relatively a new notion of school leadership which refers to multiple leaders in school, both formal and informal or designed, or by default. DL practice can be shaped through bottom-up and horizontal multiple interactions among a web of leaders at various levels. The purpose of the study is to explore the perceptions and practices of school leaders about the distributed leadership, while looking at roles, nature of role distribution and the nature of decision- making as distributed phenomena. This study can be sought an acknowledgement as the first of its kind in the context of Pakistan which would contribute to the improvement of schools by identifying how the leadership roles are distributed among multiple leaders in schools to achieve common goals. Furthermore, it will also contribute to the development of a healthy working relationship among all stakeholders of schools in general. This study may also open the avenues for future studies with reference to effective governance of schools in the developing world context like Pakistan. The central research question that guided the study was: How is distributed leadership idealized and practiced in a private secondary school in Karachi, Pakistan? This study has been conducted through the case study method, within the qualitative research paradigm. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, document analysis and observations. Since the purpose of the study was to explore the phenomenon of distributed leadership through studying different roles; therefore, certain actors were the target of the study. The principal, three section heads and two subject coordinators were selected as research participants through purposive sampling. The findings of the study reveal that leadership roles are distributed among multiple stakeholders at FSSI. The leadership roles are distributed formally in collective and collaborative ways. Some leadership roles are informally distributed on the basis of skills, strengths and voluntary spirit of staff members in the school community. Decisions take place at different levels according to the nature of work and are based on consultation and discussion, but personal, time-based decisions were also made. Exploring the leadership talent and division of labour are two important reasons for role distribution among various stakeholders. 1 Five Star School, the pseudonym of the school.
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