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قائداعظم محمد علی جناح

قائداعظم محمد علی جیناؔ رحمہ اﷲ
افسوس ہے کہ ۱۱؍ ستمبر ۱۹۴۸؁ء کی شب کو قائداعظم محمد علی جناح کا کراچی میں بہتر (۷۲) برس کی عمر میں انتقال ہوگیا، پاکستان و ہندوستان اور عالم اسلام نے اس حادثہ پر بڑا صدمہ محسوس کیا، دوسرے دن عصر کے وقت کئی لاکھ کے مجمع میں ان کی نماز جنازہ ادا کی گئی اور تدفین عمل میں آئی، عام مسلمانوں میں ان کو جوہر دلعزیزی حاصل تھی اس کا اثر یہ ہے کہ ہندوستان اور اکثر اسلامی ملکوں، ریاستوں اور شہروں نے ان کا ماتم کیا اور ان کے لئے قرآن خوانی اور مغفرت کی دعا کی گئی۔
مرحوم کے سیاسی کارنامے آفتاب کی طرح روشن ہیں، وہ بڑے قانون داں، بڑے مناظر اور اجتماعیات کے بڑے نبض شناس تھے اور اپنے پیروؤں پر بلا کا اثر رکھتے تھے، ان کی بڑی خصوصیت اپنی بات پر جم کر دوسروں سے اپنی بات منوانے کی قوت تھی، انہوں نے اپنی اس قوت کا مظاہرہ پاکستان کے مطالبہ میں پوری طرح کیا اور بالآخر کامیابی حاصل کی اور ایک ایسی حکومت قائم کی جس کا دعویٰ ہے کہ وہ اس وقت سب سے بڑی اسلامی حکومت ہے اور آبادی کے لحاظ سے دنیا میں اس کا پانچواں درجہ ہے۔
ہندوستان کی سیاست میں مرحوم کا بڑا حصہ ہے اور ۱۹۱۶؁ء سے لے کر جب لیگ اور کانگریس میں ان کی کوشش سے مشہور پیکٹ ہوا، ۱۹۴۸؁ء تک سوائے ان چند سالوں کے جب وہ ترک موالات کی تحریک میں کانگریس سے الگ ہوگئے۔ ہمیشہ ایک لیڈر کی حیثیت سے ملک میں ممتازرہے، ان کی نسبت ان کے دوست اور دشمن ایک بات پورے وثوق کے ساتھ کہہ سکتے ہیں کہ وہ نہ کبھی حکومت وقت سے ڈرے اور نہ جاہ و منصب کی کوئی حرص و طمع ان کو اپنی...

Islam and Society: Role of the Departments of Islamic Studies, an Analytical Study

This study elaborates the connection between Islam and society and the role of Islam in the formulation and reformation of a society. This research highlights the need and the significance of the concept of developing a linkage between the religious and otherwise classes of society. The study primarily focuses on the role and the influence of the departments of Islamic studies in Pakistani universities in defusing tensions and promoting peace and hormony among various classes of society. The study includes an analysis of the visions, mission statements and the objectives of the various departments of Islamic studies in leading universities of the country. The article highlights the system of education in Islam and the problems in the system of education of Pakistan which play a part in the role of the departments of Islamic studies. The research also focuses on the role of the students and the teachers of the departments of Islamic studies in the light of Islamic teachings.

Unexplored Export Potential of Surgical Goods of Pakistan to Selected Countries

This study quantifies and analyzes the Unexplored Export Potential (UEP) of Surgical Goods of Pakistan (SGP) to 42 selected countries that are leading export markets for these goods. The quantification of UEP of SGP is expected to help the concerned Pakistani exporters for setting right their export priorities towards selected export markets. The study differentiates the selected export markets on the basis of presence and absence of UEP of SGP. Thus, to serve the purpose and make the analysis more meaningful, out of total 42 selected export markets, top 9 markets have been classified as “TOP-9 Importers of SGP”. The remaining 33 markets have been classified with regard to their membership of different regional groups that are; ASEAN, EU, GCC, ECO, and SAARC. Current study is a disaggregate level research. It utilizes disaggregated level data of the surgical goods‟ industry of Pakistan. In fact, international trade literature is relatively limited for such disaggregate level researches, which is because of the reason that required data to accomplish such researches are found on discontinuous basis. The discontinuous availability of required data leads to missing values‟ problem, which refrains the accomplishment of such researches. Current study solves the missing values‟ problem by using Tobit model. Moreover, this study utilizes augmented Gravity Model of Trade for the used panel data (1990-2010) and ensures the statistical adequacy of the estimated parameters by applying unit root and co-integration tests. The results obtained through Augmented Dickey-Fuller test indicate that for each selected country at least two of the data series are unit root. Thus, for validation of regression results, Engel-Granger two-step co-integration test has been applied, which confirms the long run relationship between dependent and all the independent variables, in all 42 countries‟ cases. xii Moreover, UEP is usually quantified either by using the out-of-sample projection approach or the in-sample projection approach. However, researchers believe that both these approaches are inefficient in serving the purpose of quantification of UEP. Thus, current study employs Empirical Bayes (EB) method for the quantification of UEP of SGP. The EB methodology is especially useful for panel data that are with short time series dimension, as is the case in current study. The application of EB method for quantification of UEP of SGP is a pioneering attempt. Estimation results show that signs of all parameters are in line with the economic theory. Moreover, the results indicate that the export potential for surgical goods exists in Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia in ASEAN, only Thailand is over-traded in this group. The potential prevails in all selected countries of EU, only Czech Republic is over-traded; it exists in all selected countries of GCC. The potential is absent in case of Turkey, which is the sole selected member from ECO; it does not exist in all the selected countries of SAARC. Lastly, the export potential exists only in case of Italy in TOP-9 Importers of SGP, the remaining 8 members of this group are over-traded. In the light of empirical findings of this study, the exporters of SGP and concerned policy makers at government level could better set their priorities regarding export of SGP to selected export markets.
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