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شعیب قریشی

شعیب قریشی
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ متحدہ ہندوستان کی ایک اہم شخصیت شعیب قریشی صاحب نے کراچی میں انتقال کیا وہ ہندوستان کے ممتاز رہنماؤں میں تھے، ان کی عمر کا بڑا حصہ ملک و ملت کی خدمت میں گزرا ان کی قومی زندگی کا آغاز مشہور انگریزی اخبار ’’نیوایرا‘‘ کی مضمون نگاری سے ہوا تھا، جس کے وہ بعد میں ایڈیٹر بھی ہوگئے تھے، پھر ۱۹۱۴؁ء میں جنگ بلقان کے زمانہ میں مشہور انصاری مشن کے ساتھ ٹرکی گئے، ۱۹۲۰؁ء میں جب وفد خلافت لندن گیا تھا تو وہ وہاں زیر تعلیم تھے، اس لیے وفد کی کاروایوں میں عملی حصہ لیا، اسی زمانہ میں خلافت اورکانگریس کی تحریکیں شروع ہوئیں۔ لندن کی واپسی کے بعد ان میں سرگرمی سے حصہ لیا، ایک عرصہ تک خلافت کمیٹی کے سکریٹری بھی رہے، اور کچھ دونوں گاندھی جی کی غیر حاضری میں ان کے اخبار ’’ینگ انڈیا‘‘ کے بھی ایڈیٹر رہے، حجاز پر سلطان عبدالعزیز آل سعود کے قبضہ کے بعد وہاں کے حالات کی تحقیقات اور اس کے آئندہ نظام حکومت کے بارے میں مشورہ دینے کے لیئے خلافت کمیٹی کی جانب سے جو وفد گیا تھا اس کے ایک رکن شعیب قریشی بھی تھے، پھر نہرو کمیٹی میں مسلمانوں کی نمائندگی کی، مگر اس کی رپورٹ سے انھوں نے اختلافات کیا اور سیاسی زندگی سے کنارہ کش ہوکر ریاست بھوپال میں وزیر تعلیم ہوگئے، اپنے دورِ وزارت میں انھوں نے بہت سے مفید تعلیمی اور مذہبی کام انجام دیئے، ریاست بھوپال کے خاتمہ کے بعد پاکستان چلے گئے، اور مختلف اوقات میں مرکزی حکومت کی وزارت اور سفارت کے عہدوں پر ممتاز رہے، علمی قابلیت اور سیاسی بصیرت کے ساتھ اخلاقی حیثیت سے بھی بہت بلند اور پختہ کیرکٹر کے انسان تھے، ادھر چند سال سے انکا ذکر سننے میں نہیں آتا تھا، ایک دن...

تدریس قرآن حکیم کا مروجہ اسلوب روایتی و غیر روایتی دینی اداروں کا تقابلی جائزہ

The Holy Quran aims to all Muslims to implement the teachings of the Quran in their lives and apply these guidelines which are considered as mandatory code of life for every Muslim. Advancement of Quranic education in society is a great duty for all Muslim as well as they have to utilize maximum available resources and human skills for promotion of Holy Quran in the society. There are two types of institutions they provide Quranic education with a focus on understanding of the Quran. One of them the religious seminaries who follow traditional teaching methods for Quranic education. There are many academic institutions other than the religious seminaries they use different and non-traditional methods for teaching of the Quran. Various academic activities to develop the understanding of the Quran through multi model approaches and strategies of teaching Arabic language are being organized by non-traditional institutes. In this regards nontraditional institutes introduced “Quranic Arabic Language” and easy Arabic Grammar practices for non-Arabic population. Comparison of two different systems, traditional and non-traditional institutes of Quranic education in Pakistan in this research article has been presented.

Application of Environmental Friendly Practices for Tannery Sludge Reuse by Anaerobic Co-Digestion

Tanning industry in Pakistan has shown rapid growth in last few decades. However, environmental regulations are not strictly followed regarding the processing as well as discharge of effluents. Tannery wastewater and sludge have become a major source of water and soil pollution. This research study was designed to appraise the harmful impacts of untreated tannery wastewater along with proper management of sludge by utilizing green technologies. In this study, management of tannery sludge was done by utilizing environment friendly practices in four experimental phases. In first phase, the impacts of tannery wastewater on soil and selected plants were studied in comparison with a control group. Characterization of tannery wastewater showed that values of parameters like pH, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, sulphate and chloride were higher as compared to National environmental quality standard. The concentration of Cr, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Na, and K were higher in soil and plants (D. sanguinalis, S. cumini and E. camaldulensis) samples irrigated with tannery wastewater as compared to fresh water samples. It is concluded that the untreated tannery wastewater is not suitable for irrigation purpose. Hence, proper treatment of tannery wastewater is required before its usage for irrigation purpose. Biogas production through anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated tannery sludge (WATS) with biomasses (rice husk, cow dung and sewerage sludge) as co-substrates was investigated in second phase. The initial results of waste activated tannery sludge were best as compared to primary lagoon sludge, secondary lagoon sludge and tannery solid waste collected from Kasur tannery treatment plant. The waste activated tannery sludge was used in biogas experiments as co-substrate. Different proportions of waste activated tannery sludge and cow dung were used for biogas production. The cumulative biogas production in WATS (waste activated tannery sludge 100 %) was found 80 mL (0.10 mL/g TVS), WATSCD-1 (WATS 70 % and cow dung 30 %) that is 158 mL (0.20 mL/g TVS) and WATSCD-2 (WATS 50 % and cow dung 50 %) sample 195 mL (0.24 mL/g TVS). The overall results of WATSCD-2 combination were best. To optimize biogas production ultrasonic and chemical pre-treatment were applied through series of experiments on different combination of WATSCD-2. Seven combinations of WATSCD-2 with sewerage sludge and rice husk were ii prepared and designated as CDCT-1 to CDCT-7, treated chemically. Similarly, seven proportions CDUT-1 to CDUT-7 were treated ultrasonically. Biogas production results of ultrasonically treated sludge combinations (CDUT-1 to CDUT-7) were better as compared to chemically treated sludge combinations (CDCT-1 to CDCT-7). The optimum results were obtained in ultrasonically treated combination CDUT-7 (202 mL, 9.25 mL/g TVS) as it contains maximum biomass concentration as compared to CDUT-1 to CDUT-6. In third phase, series of experiments were conducted to optimize the parameters like sulfur, ash and gross heating value (GHV) by preparing different sludge combinations with biomasses. These combinations were prepared by using primary sludge, secondary sludge and WATSCD-2 with coal and rice husk on weight percent basis. The higher GHV results were found in WATSCD-2 combinations as compared to both primary and secondary sludge combinations. The WATSC-2 combination (WATSCD-2 50 % and coal 50 %) have lower sulfur and ash contents along with high GHV as compared to primary and secondary sludge combinations. So, this combination has better potential to use as refuse derived fuel for energy recovery. The statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA) was found significant for ash, sulfur and GHV for different sludge combinations with p < 0.05. It is concluded that sludge is a very valuable fuel like traditional biomass. However, efforts should be exercised to overcome the problem of drying and emissions from sludge. In last phase, compost was prepared from different combinations of WATSCD-2 with different co-substrates. These combinations were designated as WATSCD-SR (mixture of WATSCD-2, sewerage sludge and rice husk), WATSCD-RL (mixture of WATSCD-2, rice husk and leaves), WATSCD-SL (mixture of WATSCD-2, sewerage sludge and leaves) at laboratory scale by using 1:1:1 ratio of each component. The WATS-RL combination showed better results of nitrogen (2.9 ± 0.38 %), phosphorous (0.038 ± 0.01 %), potassium (0.07 ± 0.01 %), organic matter (57.55 ± 6.35 %) and C/N ratio (18.05 ± 1.93) as compared to WATS-SR and WATS-SL. Environmental regulations are getting more restricted related to landfilling of biodegradable waste. The solution of these problems is to use of biodegradable portion for biogas production and residual tannery sludge as bio-solid (composting) or thermal utilization for energy recovery.
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