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لسان فسوں

لسان فسوں
فلک کی جالیوں سے لگ کر رونے والی۔۔۔!
میری رگوں میں خون بن کر دوڑتی رہتی ہے
میں زمین پر۔۔۔اسی کے خال و خد بناتے ہوئے!
دستِ حنائی کے لمس۔۔۔!
دلفریب لہجے کے سحر میں ڈوبے ہوئے۔۔۔!
تلمیحاتِ خمسہ کی ساری روایتیں۔۔۔!
غیلان،عِلاف،کندی۔۔۔!
فرزند سینا اور فارابی کی آیتیں بھی جانتا ہوں
طلوع سحر کا رازی۔۔۔جب اک وعدہ شام ہونے لگتا ہے
پھر میں موسم زلیخا کا۔۔۔
اک خوب صورت بہانہ بننے لگتا ہوں
سرخ سبز پرندوں کا ورد زباں ہونے لگتا ہوں

جب بھی فسوں ساز شاموں کی بات ہوتی ہے
زیتون و صندل۔۔۔!
سفید کبوتروں جیسے صحیفے پڑھنے لگتی ہیں
شاخوں پر پھول پتے نازل ہونے لگتے ہیں
جنوں کی روشنی میں جناب عنترہ اور عبلہ سے بھی ملاقات ہوتی ہے
جب طاق لمحے۔۔۔مجھ سے گلے ملتے ہوئے گزرتے ہیں
پھر تخلیقات عشق کا سنہری زمانہ بننے لگتا ہوں
سرخ سبز پرندوں کا ورد زباں ہونے لگتا ہوں

لسان فسوں جب دشت میں!
گلابی صحیفوں سے آیتیں تلاوت کرنے لگتی ہے
نشاط تعبیر کی وادیوں میں خوشبو۔۔۔!
شاداب جزیرں میں چاندنی رقص کرنے لگتی ہے
دل دھڑکنے لگتے ہیں
بزرگ جوگیوں سے۔۔۔!
چنبیلی کے سائے میں مناظرہ کرنے لگتے ہیں
لذت زخم کی تفسیر کرتے ہوئے!
جب سیفو،عبلہ اور ماریہ قندیل روشن کرتی ہیں
پھر قلندرانہ رقص کرتے ہوئے۔۔۔میں پروانہ بننے لگتا ہوں
سوسن و نسترن کی قسم!
میں لذت خمار کا تعارف غائبانہ بننے لگتا ہوں
سرخ سبز پرندوں کا ورد زباں ہونے لگتا ہوں

Islamization under General Zia Al-Haq (1977-1988) : An Analysis

As a result of the political crisis in Pakistan, the Martial Law regime of General Zia Al-Haq came into power on July 5, 1977. The process of Islamization was given a new boost during the period of Zia Al-Haq 1977- 1988. He launched a comprehensive scheme to eradicate non-Islamic practices in Pakistani state and society. His Islamization program contemplated significant reforms in the legal-constitutional, socioeconomic and educational institutions of Pakistan. The principles of Zakāt -‘Ushr ordinance, Islamic Ḥudūd and Penal code were introduced in the country. To Islamizing the economy Ribā abandoning and Profit and Loss sharing accounts in banks were initiated. Besides, he renamed parliament as Majlis Al-Shūrā; the Federal Sharī‘at Court, Sharī‘at Appellate Benches and Sharī‘ah Council were established in the country. Under the umbrella of Nizām-e-Muṣṭafā, social reforms were introduced, through the stressing of sanctity of the Holy month of Ramaḍān, enforcement of the bans on gambling and encouragement of chadar for women. Un-Islamic programs were banned on television and radio and news in Arabic was made compulsory. The stated objectives of President Zia’s Islamization policies were to lead Pakistan in the direction of truly Islamic state. However, the critics of his polices considered it a tool for legitimizing and enhancing his political powers in the country.

Development of Functionalized Zeolite Hybrids As Potential Adsorbents

The industrial revolution has led to an unequal and uncontrolled distribution of the toxic substances in different compartments of the environment. A large number of researchers have offered specific solution to combat the hazardous and toxic substances. The real challenge faced today is the complex interaction of the pollutants in each compartment compelling the scientists to develop materials offering one spot solution applicable to a wide range of toxicants. The present investigation is an effort to synthesize a range of different materials having multi-dimensional potential for removing diverse pollutants with general efficacy and limited specificity. Though a number of materials fall under the same category, the Zeolites and their tailored forms offer advantages such as thermal stability, low-cost, ease of availability, and high sorption affinity. Zeolites and their functionalized hybrids have attracted interest from academic and industrial laboratories due to high catalytic and exchange properties. In the present research, Zeolite as base material is synthesized from economical precursors using hydrothermal method. Post modification for synthesis of functionalized hybrids is attempted with doping of metals (Cu, Zn, and Cu/Zn), organic moieties ((Thiophene, Dibenzothiophene, and Thiophene/ Dibenzothiophene), and combination of both into the Zeolite framework. On the basis of induced functionality the eleven hybrids of Zeolite are grouped into three categories. The purpose of preparation of hybrids is to have diverse functional groups on the surface of a single Zeolite to adsorb a variety of pollutants from environmental media. The synthesized materials are subjected to a series of characterization techniques to determine surface and bulk properties for effective adsorption. The successful incorporation of the functional groups (Thiol, CH3, and Metal-Oxygen) is indicated by FTIR, BET surface area and SEM analysis proposes that crevices and channels serve as pores for uptake of incoming pollutants. Further, EDX shows silica and alumina percentage which is involved in developing zeolite framework (internal and external linkages) for binding. The thermal stability of Zeolite (360-570°C) is assessed from TGA studies. XRD demonstrates the amorphous nature of Zeolite framework that generally decreases on functionalization. Zeolite and the functionalized hybrids are applied for the removal of Metals (Hg, As), Dyes (Methylene Blue, Methyl Orange), Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (Benzene, Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, and Pyrene), Sulfur (Model Fuel, Commercial fuel) and Insecticide (Imidacloprid). For each application, closed batch adsorption protocol is followed. The results of adsorption experiments confirm the efficiency of synthesized hybrids as adsorbents for the removal of a number of pollutants. Generally, mercury showed better removal than arsenic on the adsorbents. Moreover all Zeolite based hybrids testifies the fitness of pseudo-second order kinetics & Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for the removal of mercury and arsenic. The hybrids depict higher removal capacity for methylene blue in comparison to methyl orange. Moreover Zeolites shows good removal potential for sulphur, Imidacloprid and polyaromatic as well.
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