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انڈیپینڈنٹ اردو

انڈپینڈنٹ اردو ویب سائٹ

                  اپنی ذاتی تسکین کے لیے جب انسان کے اندر بے شمار وسیع اور لامتناہی خیالات کا مجموعہ ہوتا ہے تو اکثر وہ مختلف سائٹس پر خیالات کا اظہار کرتا ہے۔مصنف نے بھی اپنے خیالات کا اظہار اپنی ذاتیات اور حالات زندگی کو’’میری کہانی‘‘ پر کہانیاں لکھ کر بیان کیا ہے۔ ان کا اندز بیان نرالا اور نہایت دلچسپ  ہے۔ایسا محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ جیسے مصنف کو ایک کے بعد ایک خیال آتا گیا تو وہ اسے لکھتے ہی گئے کیونکہ انڈپینڈنٹ اردو سائٹ پر ان کے خیالات کا انبار لگا ہے۔انہوں نے اپنی زندگی کی کئی کہانیاں بیان کی ہیں جن میں بچپن کے واقعات سے لے کر جوانی تک کے تمام قصے ،ملازمت ،تعلیمی  سرگرمیاں،سفر نامے،اسفار  ،بچپن کے واقعات اور اس کے علاوہ بھی بہت سے دوسرے موضوعات پر بھی اظہار خیال کیا ہے۔

1۔            شاہیا پہلوان :زمین کھاگئی پہلوان کیسے کیسے

2۔            بینڈ پروفیسر اور بلداتی گدھا

3۔            عجائب گھر کے ڈھانچے کا بگ بینگ

4۔            اگر ہم پکڑے جاتیتو شاعر کی بجائے چور ہوتے

5۔            جاٹوں کو مفت گڑ اور دل بیرحم

6۔            عربی گدھے کھجوریں اور میں

7۔            جب لوگ ہماری لاش ڈھونڈنے نکلے

8۔            جب ہم پھنسے گلیڈی ایڑوں کے چنگل میں

9۔            جب ہم نے ننگ دھڑک بارات نکالی

10۔          جب میاں صاحب نے گورکن پر سانپ سے حملہ کیا

11۔          جب میرا کوٹ مارشل ہوتے ہوتے بچا

12۔          جب اچھوتے...

Cytotoxic Assessment of Quinoline Based Derivatives on Liver Cancer Cell Line Quinoline compounds and their Cytotoxicity

Current scenario of newer diseases with multiple causes has drawn the attention of the researchers in the field of therapeutics and they are now inclined to identify molecules effective for targeted therapy. Objective: Quinoline (1-azanaphthalene); belongs to heterocyclic aromatic nitrogen compound. Some quinoline-based derivatives are also known for their anti-tumor activity. The study was planned to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of quinoline derivatives. Methods: Berberine; a quinoline compound was made part of study to make structural analogs which were docked against potential target proteins. Cytotoxic profiling of all derivatives was done using MTT cytotoxicity assay. Results: The pharmacoinformatic and structure activity relationship studies of analogs were done. The cytotoxic profiles were elucidated by comparing viability rates of analogs treated hepatic cancerous cell line with untreated hepatic cells and untreated mesenchymal stem cells as standards.  Marked cytotoxicity was seen in all molecules at low doses than reported in past studies with relevance to parent compound. Conclusions: The results will be further confirmed through various other cell culture assays targeting different marker proteins, pharmacoinformatics tools and structure activity relationship studies

Use of Genetic Variability and Mineral Nutrition to Minimize Cadmium Accumulation in Wheat

Cadmium is toxic heavy metal soil pollutant and contamination of plant-based foods accounts for at least 70 % of Cd intake by humans. Cultivating low-Cd plant species and optimum application of zinc (Zn) and silicon (Si) nutrients was hypothesized as a possible solution to avoid Cd intake. The research project is comprised of six separate experiments focusing on four major issues: i) identification of variation in Cd accumulation and tolerance among wheat cultivars under cultivation in Pakistan; ii) evaluating root zone acidification and antioxidants response of low and high Cd accumulating wheat cultivars to Cd stress; iii) underpinning the mechanism by which silicon could lower Cd in plants and optimizing its rate of application; and iv) determining the effect of combined Zn and Si application on Cd concentration in wheat grains. Considerable variation in shoot and root Cd concentration was observed among the wheat cultivars that was found to be regulated by differences in both absorption by roots and translocation to shoots. Decrease in root zone pH was not related to shoot Cd concentration of the cultivars and Cd concentration in low-shoot- Cd cultivars was related to sustained or higher activity of antioxidant enzymes which was not observed for high-shoot-Cd cultivars. Higher retention of Cd in roots of both low and high Cd accumulating cultivars while decrease in excessive transpiration only in HSCd cultivars with Si application proved to be the mechanisms suppressing Cd translocation to shoots. Higher increase in antioxidant activity with corresponding higher decrease in shoot Cd concentration in low-shoot-Cd cultivars suggested that improvement in antioxidant activity was associated with lowering Cd concentration in tissue. In soil, Si decreased Cd concentration in wheat cultivars by both decrease in plant available soil Cd and its translocation from roots to shoots. Moreover, application of Si at 150 mg kg-1 proved to be the optimum level of Si that significantly lowered Cd concentration in wheat grains. The combined application of Zn and Si decreased Cd concentration in soil and consequently in grains and straw of wheat cultivars without affecting Zn concentration in grain and straw. Zinc decreased grain Cd concentration by lowering its translocation from shoot to grain and was depending on Zn uptake and translocation efficiency of wheat cultivars. Silicon induced improvement in grain yield and decline in Cd concentration was higher for salt-affected than normal soil and also for salt- sensitive compared to -tolerant wheat cultivars.
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