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ڈاکٹر ہادی حسن

ڈاکٹر ہادی حسن
افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں علی گڑھ میں ڈاکٹر ہادی حسن کابھی انتقال ہوگیا۔ مرحوم مسلم یونیورسٹی میں فارسی کے بڑے دیرینہ پروفیسر تھے،انگریزی اورفارسی دونوں زبانوں کے بڑے خوش بیان مقرر اورفارسی شعروادب کے نامور محقق تھے، حافظہ بلاکاتھا ،کسی کتاب کے صفحہ کے صفحہ بلا تکلف اپنی یاد سے پڑھ دیتے تھے۔ مسلم یونیورسٹی کے علاوہ ملک کی دوسری یونیورسٹیوں میں بھی ان کے علم وفضل اور تقریر وخطابت کی دھوم تھی۔ متعدد بلند پایہ کتابوں اورمقالات کے مصنف تھے۔ان کے فیضِ تعلیم وتربیت نے سینکڑوں نوجوانوں کو علم و فن کااستاذ اورماہر بنا دیا۔ بیوی کی وفات اور یونیورسٹی کی ملازمت سے سبکدوش ہونے کے بعد بالکل گوشہ نشین اورزندگی سے بیزار ہوگئے تھے،مگر مطالعہ اور تصنیف وتالیف کا شغل پھر بھی جاری تھا۔خوداُن کاذاتی کتب خانہ بڑی تعداد میں اہم اوربعض نادرالوجودکتابوں پر مشتمل ہے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت ورحمت سے نوازے!
[جون۱۹۶۳ء]

 

المنھج اللغوي في التفسير و تاريخه

The Holy Quran was revealed in Arabic Language, it is, therefore necessary to seek Arabic Diction to gain the direct guidance from it. The companions of Holy Prophetr, Tabeen, and the reverent Imams strictly rebuked those interpreters who interpret the Holy Quran without having command over Arabic Language. The verses of Quran that are clear in comprehension, explicit and easy, do require the source of interpretation as “Arabic Diction”. This method highlights the positive trends to Arabic Diction. But in the matter of ambiguity and resemblance in verses and deduction of Masael, this Diction will be given second priority. Mere Diction and Arabic Socio-Diction may not be titled as most authentic. Diction is not the ‘last word. ’ The very first priority will be given to the verses of Quran, Hadith e Nabvi and Quotations of Companions of Holy Prophetr. The companions themselves were the native Arabs but they used to do consult some Quranic terms with the Holy Prophetr. As time passed, some strayed sects and atheists ignored this positive trend (Tafseer-bil-Mathur), and accustomed a new trend of interpretation of Holy Quran i. E. Depending upon Arabic Diction only so that they may endorse their own thoughts. It was a negative source of interpreting the Holy Quran i. E. Only by Arabic Diction. The present article explores its historical perspectives after evaluating its negative trends. The Motazila sect got this trend nourished. The representing interpretations of Holy Quran of this trend have been analyzed in this article. At the end, Molana Ameen Ahsan Islahi’s approach to Diction and his Tafseer ‘Tadabbur e Quran’ has been evaluated.

An Investigation into the Refinement of Restoration Techniques for the Rehabilitation of Natural Thorn Forest Species on a Derelict Site

A bare salt-affected land was selected in the vicinity of a remnant grove of thorn forest community at Harappa archaeological site with the objective of rehabilitating minimum viable populations of thorn forest species. Monitoring of previously planted trees revealed spatial differences in species establishment with sites showing good, moderate and poor survival and growth. In order to successfully restore the site a complete set of experiments was designed, that based on in-depth analysis of microclimatic factors, species tolerance limits and fertilizer amendments. The results revealed that restoration of native plant community required the identification and modification of environmental factors that were impeding or restricting ecosystem development at this site. They also showed that the area is not uniformly saline but can be divided into sites of low (EC e < 60 mS cm -1 ), moderate (60-85 mS cm -1 ) and high (> 85 mS cm -1 ) surface salinity. Analysis of replaced soil showed accumulation of salinity in plant pits at all the sites in general and at high salinity site in particular resulting in greater plant mortality at that site. Difference in micro-topography was causing greater salinity built-up in the pits at high salinity site especially by monsoon overflows resulting in high plant mortality. A pot experiment designed to check the response of individual species to salinity and fertilizers showed a negative linear relationship between plant growth and biomass characters as they decreased with increasing salinity levels and were enhanced with increasing fertility. All tree species seemed to be salt tolerant to varying degrees. EC e value at which dry matter production would be reduced to 50% as compared to un-fertilized control plants was highest for Salvadora oleoides followed by Prosopis cineraria, Tamarix aphylla and Capparis decidua under low fertility and this sequence of decreasing salt tolerance was maintained when plants were supplemented by fertilizers. An in-situ experiment was conducted using soil replacement, gypsum and inorganic fertilizers as amendments on the three salinity sites. Three years monitoring suggested that enhanced Nitrogen and Phosphorus nutrition had a positive effect on all growth variables as availability of both in the soil was limiting. The effect was more pronounced at site of low salinity and in more tolerant S. oleoides and T. aphylla as compared to the other two species. Moreover remedial measures for the xivrevegetation of highly saline patches were experimented with nutritional amendments in combination with surface modification at high salinity site. Incorporation of farmyard manure (FYM) with physical barriers generated the greatest revegetation success in all species and was not only found to be biologically sound but also economically feasible restoration treatment. A total of 705 trees have been successfully established out of that 481, 132, 57 and 35 are of S. oleoides, T. aphylla, P. cineraria and C. decidua, respectively. After initial fertilization and two years of supplemental irrigation the plants are now not required to be nurtured. Three out of four tree species have started producing seeds and many trees are now acting as nurse plants and are facilitating the establishment of other species under them. With the arrival of avian dispersers natural recruitment can now be seen at many places. Ecosystem function parameters are indicating that this restored area is on a trajectory towards a self-sustaining ecosystem. Recommendations derived from this study have been incorporated in the site management plan and have been successfully implemented for the rehabilitation of adjacent area. With the accumulation of both above and below-ground biomass as well as litter and other woody debris this juvenile forest is now sequestering carbon and is contributing towards building viable populations of thorn forest species at Harappa archaeological site. The populations of both S. oleoides and T. aphylla have now attained a safe number while increasing the number of individuals of P. cineraria by reclaiming more area and initiation of seed formation in this species will also assure its population viability.
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