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مولانا ماہر القادری

ماہر القادری
افسوس ہے گذشتہ مئی کی ۱۰تاریخ کو اردو زبان کے نامور شاعر،ادیب اور نقاد جناب ماہرالقادری صاحب کا ۷۲برس کی عمر میں انتقال ہوگیا۔جدہ میں کوئی بڑامشاعرہ تھا،اُس میں شرکت کے لیے گئے تھے۔بہت رات گئے مشاعرہ میں اپناکلام سنایا، داد و تحسین سے محفل گونج اٹھی۔اُس سے فارغ ہوکر ابھی قیام گاہ پر آئے ہی تھے کہ اچانک سینہ میں درد اٹھا اور طبی امداد کے پہنچتے پہنچتے روح قفس عنصری سے پرواز کرگئی۔اناﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔تدفین مکہ مکرمہ کے مشہور قبرستان جنت المعلی میں ہوئی۔
مرحوم کااصل نام منظور حسین تھا، بلند شہر میں پیداہوئے تھے، تقسیم سے پہلے ہی اردو کے نامور شعراء میں شمار ہونے لگے تھے لیکن اس زمانہ میں وہ صرف حسن وشباب کے شاعرتھے، نظم سے زیادہ اُن کی غزلیں پُرکیف ووجد آفرین ہوتی تھیں، نظم میں اُن کا نعتیہ کلام اورسلام بڑے معرکے کا تھا جس سے اُن کی شہرت گھر گھر پہنچی۔ تقسیم کے بعدکراچی چلے گئے۔طبیعت کے شروع سے نیک اور دین دار تھے، پاکستان میں جماعت اسلامی کے زیر اثر آجانے سے اُن کی زندگی میں انقلاب عظیم آگیا۔اُن کاماہنامہ ’فاران‘ جماعت کاآرگن ہونے کے ساتھ ایک بلند پایہ ادبی مجلہ بھی تھا،اس میں مرحوم کے قلم سے لکھے ہوئے تنقیدی مضامین زبان وبیان کے اصول وقواعد اوران کے رموز ونکات کے نقطۂ نظر سے پڑھنے کے لائق ہوتے تھے۔اُن کی نثر ونظم کے متعدد مجموعے شائع ہوکر مقبول عوام وخواص ہوچکے ہیں۔برہان اوراس کے ادارے سے انھیں قلبی تعلق اورلگاؤ تھا۔گذشہ سفرنامۂ پاکستان میں انھوں نے اپنا تذکرہ پڑھا توفوراً ایک محبت بھرا خط لکھا جس میں سفر نامہ کے حسن انشااورطرزبیاں کی دل کھول کرداد دی اورساتھ ہی ایک تازہ نعت بھی بھیجی جواُسی زمانہ میں برہان میں شائع ہوگئی تھی۔
جنت المعلی کی سرزمین کاکیا کہنا!ظاہر ھاحسنۃ وباطنھا حسنہ،سبحان اﷲ!نور ہی...

Introduction to Communication Research: The First Basic Steps

Since the articles publish in Weekend Reviews and journals like Pakistan Perspectives are usually anchored in Communication Research it is incumbent that the first basic steps in that Research are delineated first. The first steps consist of three basic exposures i.e. Selective exposure, selective perception and selective retention. A. Selective exposure means that you expose yourself to those events or developments you’re already familiar with. If that is, if you’re PMLN fan you don’t usually expose yourself to PPP meetings or events. That is you strengthen your already antecedent perception all the more-to the exclusion to other perceptions. B. Selective perception means that even when you expose yourself to selective exposure you try to pursue only those developments or events that you’re at home with. Since you don’t expose yourself to other perceptions you get yourself confirmed or strengthened in your own persistent views. C. Finally, selective retention means that you retain only such perceptions which again are antecedent to your previous perceptions. In any case, the differences wrought by exposing yourself to different views are great, even monumental. This is seen in the respective stance of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah and Mohandas Karam Chand Gandhi on the federal part of the Government of India Act, 1935-1940. Jinnah use to expose himself to all sorts of document, word by word and formulated his stance in the light of his readings.

Classification of G Protein-Coupled Receptors Using Machine Learning Techniques

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are located at the boundary of a cell, and are used for inter-cellular communications. They are mostly found in Eukaryotic cells; but can also be found in some Prokaryote cells. GPCRs modulate synaptic transmission in spinal cord and brain, and can trigger signaling pathways for the regulation of cell proliferation and gene expression. They are physiologically very important and according to an estimate, more than 50% of the marketed drugs target GPCRs. Computational prediction of unknown GPCRs has great importance in pharmacology because, malfunction of GPCRs can cause many diseases. The goal of this thesis is to propose new methods for the classification of GPCRs using Machine Learning approaches. The work in this thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is based on the classification of GPCRs using Machine Learning methods. We analyze biological, statistical, and transform-domain based feature extraction strategies and exploited various physiochemical properties to generate discriminate features of GPCR sequences. We have developed various GPCR classification methods. In the first method, GPCRs are predicted using the hybridization of pseudo amino acid composition and multi scale energy representation of physiochemical properties. In this method, our focus is on the introduction of various physiochemical properties (hydrophobicity, electronic and bulk property). In the second method, GPCRs are predicted using grey incidence degree measure and principal component analysis, whereby relation between various components of GPCR sequences is exploited. In the third method, we perform weighted ensemble classification of GPCRs using evolutionary information and multi-scale energy based features. The weights for each of the classifier are optimized using genetic algorithm, which provides an improvement in classification performance. Second part of the thesis is based on multiple sequence alignment of GPCRs, whereby, we utilize the structural information of GPCRs. The three-dimensional structures of several Rhodopsin like GPCRs have been resolved at atomic resolution and validates the prediction using sequence information alone that GPCRs fold has a bundle of seven transmembrane helices (TMs). The dataset is aligned initially using multiple sequence alignment methods and TMs are extracted. The dataset is composed of 19 sub families of Rhodopsin receptors, belonging to 62 species. Weights are assigned to avoid bias for a particular specie. Position specific scoring matrices (PSSM) are computed for the seven TMs data and pseudo counts are added. Pseudo 2counts are added using conventional Blosum62 scoring matrix. The unknown receptors are classified using PSSMs of the known receptors and by the TM similarity methods. Our research may have valuable contributions in the fields of Bioinformatics, Pattern Classification, and Computational Biology, and has yielded comparable results with the existing approaches. We conclude that our research may help the researchers in further exploring membrane protein classification or any other sub cellular localization classification.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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