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نقشِ پائے شہِ ابرار قمر کی رونق
نقشِ پائے شہِ ابرارؐ ؛ قمر کی رونق
کہکشائوں میں ڈھلی ، راہ گزر کی رونق
یہی دیواروں کی زینت ، یہی در کی رونق
ذکرِ سرکارِؐ دو عالم سے ہے گھر کی رونق
نقشِ نعلین نبیؐ سے ہے مدینے کی چمک
اسی دستار سے ہے میرے بھی سر کی رونق
رحمتِ کون و مکاںؐ جانِ دو عالم ٹھہری
یادِ محبوبِ خداؐ دل کے نگر کی رونق
آپؐ کے دم سے ہے اے صاحبِ لولاک لماؐ!
بحر و بر ، حجر و شجر ، شام و سحر کی رونق
لفظِ کُن ، روزِ ازل ، لوح و قلم ، عرشِ عُلی
آپؐ مخلوقِ خدا ، جنّ و بشر کی رونق
عدسئہ آنکھ میں ہے نورِ مُنوّر اُنؐ کا
نورِ محبوبِ خداؐ ، حسنِ نظر کی رونق
روزنِ چشمِ عقیدت سے حقیقت دیکھو
ذاتِ محبوبؐ سے اللہ کے گھر کی رونق
رونقِ چہرئہ اُمّت ہے شفاعت کے سبب
ہے ندامت سے بھری دیدئہ تر کی رونق
کاش عرفانؔ کی پلکوں کو بھی ہو جائے عطا
اُنؐ کی راہوں کو ملی لعل و گہر کی رونق
Analyse psychosociale de la littérature féminine en Mauritanie
Over the years, Mauritanian Moorish women have managed to have their own poetry, an oral literature known locally as "tebrāʕ" translated into French by the word "ingenuity", sometimes also "invention". It is a love poetry originally used by girls or by women in general to express feelings that social norms prevent them from manifesting publicly. Tebrāʕ is deeper than a mere female expression of passion, it is rather a social and psychological state of mind that empowers women and helps them break taboos virtually for a short period of time. This article is an analytical reading of Tebrāʕ and presents new models and ways of examining this oral literature. It tries also to answer several questions which can be summarized as follows: Can this form of poetry be considered as a female literature? The closed circle where these words are composed and pronounced, can it be considered a therapy session? And above all, what power do these women and girls derive from this practice? This article is also a study of the perception of men and women in Mauritania in relation to this oral art practice basedGene Pyramiding for Quality Enhancement and Resistance to Bacterial Blight in Rice
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cereal crop but its yield is stagnant in Pakistan for the last several years. A number of strategies have been proposed to overcome yield stagnation of rice. One such strategy is to develop rice cultivars with an ideal plant phenotype, possessing long heavy panicles, good photosynthetic proficiency and strong culms that are resistant to lodging. Using a similar approach several advance lines of rice has been developed by Dr. Fida Muhammad Abbasi at Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan by modifying the plant architecture of JP-5 and Basmati-385. These advance lines needs to be properly evaluated for their yield and yield attributing traits and molecular characterization for resistance to bacterial blight, presence of aroma and resistance characterization to local races of bacterial blight. Therefore in the present study 30 well performing homozygous advance lines and 6 cultivated varieties were subjected to the process of evaluation on the basis of morphological traits, physical grain quality, molecular analysis for the presence of aroma and bacterial blight (BB). In addition to the above mentioned experiments, a parallel experiment was design in order to pyramid four broad spectrum BB resistance genes (Xa4, xa5, xa13 and Xa21) in the background of Basmati-385. For this purpose Basmati-385 which is an indica variety and possess better grain quality but is susceptible to bacterial blight was crossed with IRBB59 which possess BB resistance genes xa5, xa13 and Xa21. A total 19 hybrid seeds (F0) were obtained and were grown in sterile petri plates. A large number of F2 plants were grown but only the progeny of 30 selected plants were advanced up to F5 generation. Marker assisted selection (MAS) as well as phenotypic selections were carried out in each successive generation. In the F5 generation two lines i.e., line-6 and line-14 were identified pyramided with all the four BB resistance genes. Our results demonstrate that the pyramided lines displayed a high level of resistance to all the three local isolates of Xoo used in this study. In the present study advance lines developed by Hazara University, along with cultivated check varieties of rice were evaluated on the basis of 29 quantitative traits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant variation among the advance lines and cultivated varieties of rice for all these traits. Moderate to high coefficient of variation (CV %), was noticed in all the measured traits with the exception of 1000 grains weight. Cluster analysis was performed to know the extent of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among the genotypes. The data was subjected to the process of standardization prior to analysis. On the basis of quantitative traits, advance lines and cultivated varieties were allocated into three main groups (A, B and C) at a Euclidean distance of approximately 12 in the phylogenetic tree. The cluster A comprised of 10 genotypes including all the cultivated varieties except JP-5. The members of cluster A comprise mainly of genotypes that have relatively low yield and week plant morphology. Cluster B consist of 13 genotypes. These genotypes are high yielding and possess better plant morphology. Cluster C comprised of 11 genotypes including cultivated variety JP-5. Genotypes in this cluster have relatively high plant height and moderate yield as compared to genotypes in the other two clusters. The dendogram analysis thus showed that significant diversity exist among the genotypes that can be exploited for further improvement of these genotypes.Journals by Discipline
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