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قاضی عبدالودود

قاضی عبدالودود
(عبدالرحمن پرواز اصلاحی)
پروفیسر کلیم الدین احمد کے انتقال کے بعد اردو دنیا کو دوسرا بڑا صدمہ مشہور محقق قاضی عبدالودود کی وفات سے پہنچا، قاضی صاحب نے ۲۵؍ جنوری ۱۹۸۴؁ء کو پٹنہ میڈیکل کالج میں ۸۸ برس کی عمر میں رحلت فرمائی۔ وہ بھی ایک علمی و دینی خاندان کے چشم و چراغ تھے، میر زاہد پر حاشیہ لکھنے والے ملا غلام یحییٰ بہاری آپ کے اجداد میں تھے، ملا غلام یحییٰ کے بیٹے قاضی کمال الحق شعروسخن کا ذوق رکھتے تھے اور ناصرعلی کے پیرو تھے۔ ان کے پوتے قاضی اکرام الحق حضرت سید احمد شہیدؒ کے مریدوں میں تھے، ان کے بھائی واعظ الحق ان علماء میں سے تھے، جو شورش کے زمانہ میں نظربند کئے گئے، قاضی اسمٰعیل قاضی اکرام الحق کے بیٹے اور موزوں طبع شخص تھے جو اردو اور فارسی دونوں میں شاعری کرتے تھے، ان کے بیٹے قاضی عبدالحمید قاضی عبدالودود کے دادا تھے اور والد قاضی عبدالوحید عالم دین تھے، مگر ان میں تبدیلی آئی اور عقائد میں بریلوی ہوگئے، اس لئے انھوں نے اپنے عقائد و خیالات کی تبلیغ کے لئے ایک ماہانہ رسالہ ’’تحفہ‘‘ نکالا تھا، وہ شاعر بھی تھے اور وحید الہ آبادی کی صحبت پائی تھی، ان کا اردو کلام گلدستوں میں ملتا ہے، ان کی وفات ۱۳۲۶؁ھ میں ہوئی۔
قاضی عبدالودود ۱۸۹۶؁ء میں پٹنہ کے اندر پیدا ہوئے، ابتدائی تعلیم پرانے طریقہ پر پائی۔ انگریزی شروع کرنے سے پہلے قرآن مجید حفظ کیا، پھر عربی صرف و نحو اور منطق میں متوسطات تک کی کتابیں پڑھیں، اس کے بعد وہ پٹنہ کے محمڈن اسکول میں داخل ہوئے، اس اسکول میں سال ڈیڑھ سال رہنے کے بعد میجر سید حسن بلگرامی ٹیوٹوریل کالج علی گڑھ گئے، وہاں ان میں کتب بینی کا شوق بڑھا۔ بے شمار کتابوں اور رسالوں کو پڑھا۔ پھر پٹنہ...

نقد رجال میں امام بوصیری كا منہج مصباح الزجاجہ کی روشنی میں

Imām Ahmad Al- Būṣīrī is a famous Muhaddith of the 8th Hijra century. He has authored many important works in the field of Hadith. One of them is his famous book: "Miṣbāḥ al-Zujajah fī Zawaed ibn Mājah".  Imām Būṣīrī is an important scholar of the field of ῾Ilm al-Jarḥ wa al-Ta῾dīl. In the book mentioned above, the Imām has collected only those aḥādīth of the book Sunan Ibn Mājah, which were reported by Imām Ibn Mājah only apart from the other authors of the six books of Sunan.  After collection, Imām Būṣīrī clarified the authentic and unauthentic narrations. There were some narrations about which he remained silent.  This paper aims to discuss the methodology of Imām Būṣīrī in authentication of narrations of his book "Miṣbāḥ al-Zujajah fī Zawaed ibn Mājah".

Forensic and Phylogenetic Characterization of Pakistani Population Using Uniparental and Biparental Genetic Markers

Pakistan has a strong geo-strategic location in South Asia that served as a corridor for subsequent human migration events which configured its genetic variation. Besides, Indo-Pak has previous history of frequent invasions that contributed to the diversity of culture and reshaped its genetic makeup. Pakistani population is categorized in various ethnic groups major of them are Punjabi, Pathan, Baloch, Sindhi, Kashmiri, Hazara and Makrani. I have characterized mitochondrial DNA control region, Y-Chromosomal STRs and autosomal STRs on 318 random individuals from three ethnic groups; Sindhi, Kashmiri and Hazara. Mitochondrial DNA control region analysis revealed that the major proportion of Sindhi and Kashmiri maternal lineage was contributed by South Asian and Eurasian haplogroups respectively. The minor proportion was contributed by East Asian, American and African haplogroups. In Hazara population major maternal components were comprised of Eurasian and South Asian whereas minor maternal components of American and East Asian. Consequently, a series of invasions were reflected in Y-Chromosome gene pool of Pakistani population. Paternally inherited Y-Chromosome STRs analysis showed great haplotype diversity of Sindhi (0.999677), Kashmiri (0.99752) and Hazara (0.99989) populations which were illustrated through median joining network based on haplotypes frequencies. Allelic frequency distribution exhibited that locus DYS385b was more diverse and polymorphic in Kashmiri (0.8001), Sindhi (0.8373) and Hazara (0.8373) populations whereas locus DYS391 was least diverse in Kashmiri (0.4374) and locus DYS392 displayed minimum diversity value in Sindhi (0.4515) and Hazara (0.4515) population. Moreover, in this study 318 individuals from Sindhi, Kashmiri and Hazara populations were genotyped for 15 autosomal STRs. Distribution of allele frequency and other forensic efficiency parameters; for instance Power of Exclusion (PE), Matching Probability (MP) and Power of Discrimination (PD) were estimated for Sindhi, Kashmiri and Hazara populations. Locus D2S1338 exhibited maximum power of discrimination in Sindhi (0.9594), Kashmiri (0.963) and Hazara (0.967). Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was also estimated at a probability level of p<0.05 revealed that three loci D3S1358, TPOX and D8S1179 in Sindhi population were significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. On the other hand after applying the Bonferroni correction (p<0.003) only one locus TPOX remain deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Locus D18S51 and D19S433 in Kashmiri and Hazara population respectively displayed deviation at the probability level of p<0.005 however, no deviation was observed after Bonferroni correction (p<0.003). Accordingly, the pattern of heterogeneous admixture and genetic variation of selected Pakistani populations were further unveiled by the comparison with local and global populations through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Phylogenetic analysis. PCA based on mitochondrial haplogroups frequency revealed the genetic closeness of all Pakistani populations to each other and also with Uzbekistan. MDS based on Y-chromosome haplotypes exhibited nearness of Kashmiri population with Greece and Serbia whereas Sindhi population indicated the genetic affinity with East Anatolia and Iran. Bipaternal phylogenetic analysis displayed that Sindhi population was in vicinity of Iraq and Kashmiri population was near to South India. Hazara population shared ancestors with Siberia and Mongol populations. Furthermore, the data generated in this comprehensive study can be used to establish lineage of Sindhi, Kashmiri and Hazara population and to develop a data base of Pakistani population for forensic purpose.
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