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کیہڑی وکھری گل سی چال اندر

کیہڑی وکھری گل سی چال اندر
دل کھب گیا اوس خیال اندر
ہووے سچی لگن جے عشق اندر
مزہ ہکو ہے ہجر وصال اندر
اینویں جنگلاں وچ نہ ماریا پھر
کر اندروں پرت کے بھال اندر
رکھ کعبے دے وانگر دل اپنا
مت نفس شیطان نوں پال اندر
جنھاں لٹ کے کھاہدا ملک سارا
آگئے نیں ہن زوال اندر
عشق پک دا نال جفا لوکو
سچا عشق سی جیویں بلال اندر
گئی گزری زندگی عشق دے وچ
بیٹھا ہوندا اے جیویں کنگال اندر
دل حجرا سوہنے رب دا اے
ایہو جئی نہیں کوئی مثال اندر

انسانی دودھ کی خرید وفروخت اور رضاعت کے مسائل

This paper discusses the Islamic jurisprudence as well as the scientific stance regarding breast feeding. Breast feeding is a natural gift for a new born baby, which not only nourishes the infant but also provides great immunity to him. The new scientific research has clarified its importance by calling it the most essential element giving natural immunity that keeps a child healthy and free of diseases. Many developed countries have started “Human Milk Banks” as we have blood banks here. The Human Milk banks provide milk which is like natural food to deprived infants. By taking the milk from “Milk Banks” it creates serious moral and religious problems in the context of motherhood and family relations. This can even cause problems like declaring “Hurmat-e-Nikᾱḥ”. In this paper such issues are elaborated in the light of Qur’an, Sunnah and Islamic jurisprudence.

Structural, Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Laser Irradiated Bio-Materials

Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate biomaterials were prepared by solid state sintering method. Pellets were dried in vacuum to remove the water molecules using oven for 4 hours at 120°C. The dried pellets were sintered attemperature 450 °C and 750 °C using muffle furnace Vulcan A-550 for varying time periods6,12,18, and 24 hours to get the gamma and beta phases, respectively. Nd: Yag laser used as an irradiation source for biomaterials. The analysis of samples (morphological and structural) was carried out before and after laser irradiation using X-Ray diffractometer and SEM. Before using Nd: YAG laser irradiation, a slight shift in 2θ values of XRD. It was observed that peaks become sharper as the biomaterials are irradiated. Major variations were not investigated in the XRD parameter of the materials investigated after laser exposure. The homogeneity and crystallinity of the pellets was observed before laser irradiation. After exposing the sample by laser, a slight change in the peak intensity was investigated. Before the SEM heating, the surface of the sample was smooth, grains were compact and size of grains was very large. As a result of sintering, the physical appearance of the pellets changed. Micro-cracks due to thermal shocks at 450 and 750 °C were observed. Compactness of the material and crytalline growth also disturbed badly. Densification of the material is greatly affected due to temperature variations. These effects results to formation of columnar structures. After laser effect on porosity of the materials due to minor changes in the surface volume was observed. The absence of pore is beneficial which causes an increase in mechanical strength of biomaterial and structural fractures. The prepared Ca2P2O7 samples at 450 and 750 °C carried out in the range of 500–4000 cm-1. FTIR of the prepared samples before and after laser showed formation of peaks at 720 –1211 cm-1, which is attributed to the presence of P-O-P linkage stretching mode in Ca2P2O7. After the use of laser, FTIR gives some peaks with lower intensity. The EDX analysis was carried out to confirm the elemental composition of the sample after laser. Mechanical properties of the prepared and sintered samples at 450°C and 750 °C for 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours before laser shows low values of compressive strength, and results shows no fracture strength, The compressive strength of the biomaterial improved from0.03–0.24MPa with the increase in temperature. However, the laser exposure of the material becomes mechanically weak and its compressive strength decreases from 0.19 – 0.059 MPa.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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